پديد آورندگان :
آقاخاني بيژني، محمود دانشگاه اصفهان , طغياني، اسحاق دانشگاه اصفهان , محمدي فشاركي، محسن دانشگاه اصفهان
كليدواژه :
داستانهاي غنايي شاهنامه , ساختارگرايي , پهلوان , پري , عشق‌ورزي پريان
چكيده فارسي :
در داستانهاي غنايي شاهنامه بر ويژگيهاي مثبت و منفي عشق پريان به پهلوانان تأكيد شده است و معمولاً در جامعه شكارگر و در مرز دشمن در كنار بيشه زارها نمودار ميشوند كه سعي در اغواي پهلوانان دارند. هدف آنان ربودن تخمه پهلوان همراه با عشق ورزي، زيبايي و بعضاً خواب و جادو است. در داستان بيژن و منيژه، رستم و سهراب، سياوش و زال و رودابه، به ترتيب منيژه، تهمينه، مادر سياوش و كنيزكان رودابه با خويشكاري پري با بيژن، رستم، گيو، كيكاووس و زال رابطه برقرار ميكنند. هدف اين پژوهش تحليل الگوي خويشكاري و ساختار سياسي ـ اجتماعي پريان در داستانهاي غنايي شاهنامه و چرايي عشق ورزي آنان به پهلوانان است. روش اين پژوهش، تحليلي ـ توصيفي است. پس از ياريگرفتن از منابع گوناگون و تحليل ابيات شاهنامه ميتوان چنين گفت كه برخي از الگوهاي ساختاري پريان در داستانهاي غنايي شاهنامه بدين گونه است: 1. جامعه شكارگر و به شكار رفتن پهلوان، 2. پيوند پري با بيشهزار و آب در مرز دشمن، 3. پيكرينه شدن پري و رويارويي با آن، 4. زيبايي، جادوئي و فريبندگي خيرهكننده پري و... مهم‌ترين كاركرد ساختار سياسي ـ اجتماعي آنان، الگوي باروري و زايش و اغواي قهرمانان و شاهان براي ربودن تخمه و نابودي قبيلة دشمن است.
چكيده لاتين :
The word “Pari” (fairy in English) is related to “pairikâ” from Avesta which was worshiped in the past in some parts of eastern Persia as the goddess of fertility and reproduction. In the Shahnameh as well as in the stories of Rostam & Sohrab, Siyavash, Bijan & Manijeh and Zal & Rudabeh, respectively, Tahmineh, the mother of Siyavash and Manije as well as all the maids appear with the fairy function. Some researchers believe that the contact of Rostam and Sohrab with the enchantress in the fourth stage of the Shahnameh and the quality of relationships between Zal and Rudabe have roots in the fairies community. With the conversion of Gashtasb to Zoroastrianism, the definition of the Persians’ national identity also changes, in such a way that the stance of some elements such as religion, religious culture, and the political-religious system becomes salient. Thus, by embracing the religion of excellence and relying on the teachings of Avesta, the element of religion with a Zoroastrian reading takes the most significant stance in the Persians’ national identity. Conversion to this religion leads to the negation of the gods of Indo-Persian community and the pre- Zoroastrian beliefs and worship of fairies. However, in the folk beliefs as well as in the texts reaming from pre-Islamic periods including the Shahnameh Ferdowsi, there is a bi-directional view towards fairy. It is positive, on the one hand, with functions of beauty, fertility, association with water, green areas and community of fairies and their feathery dressing which in indicative of their functions as demon among the Arian peoples. On the other hand, it is negative, trying to lure the youth and champions off the right path, with the final consequence of this bond being displacement, death, and harm. The present research mainly aims to portray the reasons and ways of the presence of fairies in the Shahnameh and their background in mythology, along with an introduction to structural models, analysis of function as well as their political-societal structures in the Shahnameh.
2- Research Methodology
This is a fundamental research conducted based on library studies using the descriptive-analytic method with intra-textual evidence from the Shahnameh Ferdowsi
