فرسايش سرمايه‌ اجتماعي و بي‌نظمي در بين شهروندان تهراني

Erosion of Social Capital and Disorder Among Tehranian Citizen

نظم اجتماعي يكي از معرف‌هاي اساسي توسعه‌ در هر نظام اجتماعي است؛ چرا كه بنيان جامعه و روابط اجتماعي به حساب مي آيد. در اين ميان، سرمايه‌ اجتماعي به دليل ماهيت و محتوايي كه دارد مي‌تواند به حفظ و دوام نظم (در سطح خرد و كلان) در جامعه و كاهش هزينه‌هاي كنترل رسمي در جامعه كمك كند. مقاله حاضر با هدف بررسي تأثير فرسايش سرمايه‌ اجتماعي بر بي‌نظمي در بين شهروندان تهراني انجام شده است. روش تحقيق در اين پژوهش پيمايش بوده و اطلاعات از طريق پرسشنامه ‌جمع‌آوري شده است. براي اين منظور 400 نفر از ساكنين شهر تهران با روش نمونه‌گيري خوشه‌اي چند مرحله‌اي انتخاب شدند. نتايج حاصل از اين پژوهش،حاكي از آن است كه ميزان كل بينظمي اجتماعي در حد متوسط بوده است. مدل نظري تحقيق از طريق تكنيك مدلسازي معادله ساختاري مورد آزمون قرار گرفت. همچنين ‌مؤلفه هاي ذهني (بي اعتمادي اجتماعي، مشاركت ذهني ضعيف، احساس آنومي) و عيني (ضعف روابط رسمي و غير رسمي و ضعف كنترل اجتماعي) فرسايش سرمايه اجتماعي با بينظمي در دو بعد آن (فيزيكي-اجتماعي) تأثير مستقيم (0/62=Beta ) دارند. دركل سازه فرسايش سرمايه اجتماعي توانسته است 39 درصد از تغييرات بي نظمي را مورد تبيين قرار دهد.

Introduction Social order is indicator of development in every social system. Because, it is the base of society and social relations. Because of nature and content, social capital can help to maintenance and continuity of order in society and also to reduce costs of formal control. But erosion of social capital is named as Weak Intergroup objective and subjective relations in society can issue disorder. So this article explains effect of erosion of social capital on disorder in among Tehranian citizen. Social order is basis of development and stability in every society. the order base on social norms. The norms disregard by persons to different reasons. Whereas social relations is basis of social live, disturbance in social relations can issue social order. Therefore erosion of social capital is named as Weak Intergroup objective and subjective relations in society, can issue disorder or law evasion. So this article explains erosion of social capital effect disorder. In this research is used Putnam and fukuyama theory to analyses social capital erosion. The aim of this research is to study Erosion of social capital and disorder among Tehranian citizen. Material & Methods The methodology of this study is a survey research. Survey is one of the best way to obtain information on attitudes, beliefs, opinions, behaviors or characteristics of a group of members of a population. The statistical population of this study consisted of all citizen ( up to18years old) in the city of tehran, 400 of which were selected as the sample for the survey using Cochran Formula. In this research we sampled using probability sampling method and among different types of this method we chose cluster sampling. Data needed for the research was obtained in the field method and by means of a questionnaire. The first part of questionnaire consists of eight questions related to participant’s characteristics. The second part is composed questions which are designed to evaluate dependent and independent variables. Data analysis was performed using SPSS and Amos software. The main hypothesis in the research is that erosion of social capital affect on disorder. the erosion of social capital divide in tow type: weak subjective social capital and weak objective social capital. Disorder is as dependent variable in this research. Disorder is divided in tow types.Physical disorder and social disorder. Physical disorder correlate to social behavior that people do in the society .people doesn’t obey the law. Physical disorder correlates to environment. People dose work that nature is injured. Each one of the tow variable calculate with several questions. Discussion of Results & Conclusions the result represent that subjective indicators (social distrust, weak subjective participation, anomy feeling) and objective indicators(weak formal and informal relations, weak social control) erosion of social capital have meaningful and direct correlation with disorder in tow mentions(social and physical)…construct of erosion of social capital has positive and meaningful effect(Beta=0/62) with disorder. Generally, this variable explain %39 of disorder variable variance. So Disorder is one of serious injuries in Iranian society especially in urban space.it is influenced by different factors. But social bonding has key role in social behavior. The weakness of social bonding or erosion of social capital brings disorder in tow dimension of physical and social. But erosion of social capital is named as Weak Intergroup objective and subjective relations in society can issue disorder. What must to do? It is necessary to support positive social capital in society. Social bonding must reinforce between individuals in society. State and other organization must enhance trust and participation in society. Also it is necessary to power social control in society. Also it is necessary to increase social participation in society.