بررسي نقش افراد تبعيدي بر احساس امنيت شهروندان شهر ايذه

A Survey of the Role of Exiles on the Sense of Security of Citizens in Izeh City

امنيت از مهمترين نياز‌‌هاي بشري و دليل اصلي او براي دوري از تنهايي و روي‌آوردن به زندگي جمعي است. اين پژوهش با هدف سنجش ميزان احساس امنيت شهروندان شهر ايذه با تأكيد بر نقش افراد تبعيدي‌‌ انجام و در آن از نظريات امنيت اجتماعي، كنترل اجتماعي و پيوند اجتماعي براي تبيين استفاده شده است. تعداد 384 نفر از شهروندان به‌ منزلۀ حجم نمونه، با استفاده از فرمول كوكران و به روش نمونه‌گيري دو مرحله‌‌اي سيستماتيك و تصادفي انتخاب شدند. ابزار جمع‌‌آوري اطلاعات پرسش‌نامۀ محقق‌ ساخته است كه اعتبار آن با استفاده از محتوا و پايايي آن با محاسبۀ آلفاي كرونباخ سنجيده شده است. يافته‌‌هاي پژوهش نشان مي‌‌دهند ميزان احساس امنيت در نواحي 5گانۀ شهري متفاوت است. بين حضور تبعيدي‌‌ها در شهر و احساس امنيت رابطه وجود دارد. بين جنسيت، تحصيلات و درآمد با احساس امنيت رابطۀ معناداري وجود دارد. همچنين بين نگرش مردم به تبعيدي‌‌ها و احساس امنيت همبستگي منفي وجود دارد؛ اما اين رابطه ازنظر آماري معنادار نيست. تحليل رگرسيون چندمتغيره نشان داد متغيرهاي جنس، درآمد، تحصيلات و نوع محله و حضور تبعيدي‌‌ها در محله حدود 10 درصد از تغييرات احساس امنيت در اين شهر را تبيين مي‌‌كنند. انتخاب شهر‌‌ها براي تبعيدگاه بودن نتايج ناخوشايندي براي آن شهر دارد كه يكي از آنها كاهش احساس امنيت شهروندان است؛ ولي متأسفانه قانون‌گذار كمتر به اين امر توجه كرده است.

Introduction Security is one of the most important human needs and the main reason for tendency of humans to group living. It seems that in Iran society, especially provinces and cities that face many damages with imbalance development of cultural and economic status, if we leave aside the security created by police and military force, we have bad and unfavorable conditions in the other security dimensions (financial, occupational, judicial, …). Establishing security in the cities such as Izeh has special difficulties. Because the population context of this city is made up of low and weak levels, and since their income rate is trivial and the unemployment rate is high, Izeh city is located in the arrowhead of economic and social pathology due to the above conditions. Also, in the city of Izeh, tribal disagreements and street ware fare tag-rag have made it hard to maintain the security of the city. But what seems to affect the security of the city is the name of Izeh in the list of Iranian exile cities. In such a way, in the time periods 2011-2013 and 2017-2018, the number of 650 people were exiled from different cities to Izeh city, only in the first half of 2018, 53 people were exiled to Izeh city. All in all, it can be said that Izeh city, due to the lack of growth and economic development, the high amount of poverty, joblessness, tribal conflict and thugs’ conflicts has insecurity conditions and the presence of the exiled people has the role of facilitator in increasing crimes and conflicts so it leads to the reduction of security in the city. According to the above subjects, the significance and necessity of studying the role of the exilic people in the citizen security feeling is determined and the main goal of the research is assessing the rate of citizen security feeling as well as examining the presence of the exilic people and the roles they have in the rate of security feeling of Izeh citizen. Material and Methods This research is survey in terms of implementation, is analytical in terms of method, and is applied in terms of goal. The number of 384 people from citizen were selected as volume size, by using Cochran formula and by two-step systematic and randomly sampling and method. The data collection tool is a researcher-made questionnaire that its validity is assessed by content and its reliability is assessed by Cronbach alpha. SPSS software and statistics tests, T, F, Pearson correlation coefficient and multivariable regression are used for statistical analysis. Discussion of Results and Conclusion The findings of the research show that the rate of security feeling in the 5 areas of city is different. There is a relationship between the presence of exiles in the city and sense of security. There is significant relationship among genders, education, and income with security feeling. Also, there is negative correlation between people attitude toward exiles and security feeling but this relationship was not statistically significant. Multivariable regression analysis show that gender, income, education variables and the type of neighbor and the presence of exiles in the neighborhood explain about 10% the security feeling changes in this city. The city selection for exile places has the unfavorable results for this city and one of them is the reduction of security feeling in citizens that unfortunately, legislators pay less attention to it. According to the obtained results, it can be concluded that Izeh city was deleted from the list of exiled cities because of its special situation. an‎d considering the present period of communication, exile does not have the former efficiency, other sentences substitute for this sentence. If legislators insist on issues such as sentence, before issuing the sentence, they should think about the criminal’s job and other needs in the exiled places until the criminals for satisfying the needs of exiles. If they want to issue the exiled sentence, they should select a city as exiled place with the less crime and sins not the cities that are exposed to the different types of damages and deviations. Regarding the research theories that define a separate and distinct identity from the exiles and sometimes contrast with native’s identity which leads to separation, disparate and insecurity in these cities. So, it is necessary to do special cultural activities in the direction of coordination and harmony of culture and identity.