نقش مشاهده در فهم آيات الهي

The Role of Observation in Understanding the Divine Āya’s [Signs]

آيه به شيء نمايان و قابل مشاهده اطلاق مي گردد كه با ظهور خود و به نسبت علم و ادراك انسان، براي او حامل پيام و نشاني براي مقصدي مشخص مي باشد و توجه انسان را به سويي خاص جهت مي دهد و معطوف مي نمايد. خداوند متعال آيات آفاقي و انفُسي را به فرد نشان مي دهد و در نتيجه آن تجلي، مي تواند فهمي براي فرد اتفاق بيفتد كه منجر به درك حقانيت آيات مي شود. از بين حواس، مشاهده و رويت از اهميت خاصي برخوردار است. براي بهره بردن از آيات الهي نيز مي توان از مُدِل هاي مختلف مشاهده استفاده كرد. در اين مقاله، ضمن بررسي مفهومي آيه و مشاهده و بيان اهميت آن دو، به مُدِل هاي مختلف مشاهده از جمله؛ نگاه به موضوعات و آيات طبيعي با مشاهده ارتباط آنها با انسان، وسعت دادن مشاهدات آيات طبيعي به قصد و انگيزه ابراز توحيد خالص (لا إله إلا الله)، ارتباط برقرار كردن با پديده هاي طبيعي، با شعور دانستن آنها و درس گرفتن از نحوه رفتار آنها در برابر مدبر يگانه، مشاهده اشياء از جهت وابستگي آنها به پروردگار، مشاهده با جهت فهم حكمت و عاقبتي در موضوع، مشاهده كُل به جز براي كشف روابط جديد و مورد نياز، پرداخته خواهد شد.

Āya [sign] as a word refers to an observable object whose being observable is in order to convey to as person a message which is in line with a particular purpose and which draws that person’s attention to a certain direction, albeit within the limits of that person’s level of knowledge and understanding. God Almighty has presented the signs in the outer world [āfāq] and the signs within the human self [anfus] in order that the observer reaches an understanding and that the authenticity of the sign be proved. The human thought is able to transcend limits of time and space and thus revisit and reshape sensory inputs. Considering the ultimate purpose of the act of thinking plays an important role in making that thinking positive or negative, and therefore in human’s attaining to guidance [hidāya] or error [zalāl]. The most efficient kind of thinking is therefore thinking about ultimate purposes. Inputs of all senses can be a starting point for thinking about the ultimate purpose of any given sign. However, observation, as the input of the visual sense, has a particular importance and its different types can be used for observing signs while considering their ultimate purposes. Types of observation of signs include: observing themes and signs of the nature while considering their relationship to the human being, extending observation of natural signs with the aim of acknowledging the purest form of Oneness of God [Tawhīd] as is realized through lā ilāha illa-llāh [There is no God but Allah], observing to make connections with natural phenomena while considering that they have certain levels of understanding and behave in a certain way before God Almighty (and learn from it), observing objects while considering their dependence upon God, observation with the aim of understanding the hikma [wisdom] and ultimate purpose of a given topic, and top-down observation aimed at discovering unknown and necessary relationships between objects.