جامعه شناسي سياسي روحانيت (روند قدرت‌يابي روحانيت شيعه از انزوا تا كسب قدرت)

(Political Sociology of Clerics (The Trend of How Clerics' Gained Power from Reclusion to their Rise into Power

فهم تاريخ سياسي ايران و تحولات آن بدون در نظر گرفتن روحانيان شيعه به عنوان قدرتمندترين نيروي جامعه مدني ايران امري ناممكن است. اين مقاله به دنبال بررسي علل سياسي شدن روحانيت شيعه در تاريخ ايران از منظر جامعه شناسي سياسي است؛ لذا ابتدا با نگاهي گذرا، جامعه شناسي سياسي مذهب را توضيح داده و سپس با بررسي موضوع رابطه دولت و روحانيان به عملكرد سياسي روحانيان شيعه در فاصله زماني تشكيل دولت صفويه تا انقلاب اسلامي مي پردازد. آنچه در اينجا مدنظر مي باشد نه ذكر تحولات، بلكه دليل تحول رفتار سياسي روحانيان از انزوا تا قدرت يابي و با توجه به بستر اجتماعي آن مي باشد.

It is impossible to understand Iran's political history and its developments without taking Shiite clerics into account as the most powerful force within Iranian civil society. This article tries to find the reasons why Shiite clerics became engaged in politics in Iranian history from the viewpoint of political sociology; therefore it has first explained political sociology of religion in brief then, along with the study of the relations between clerics and the state, it has covered Shiite clerics' performance in politics from Safavid era up to Islamic revolution. This article is not concerned with developments but with reasons for the changes in clerics' political behavior fromreclusion to gaining power while having its social grounds in mind.