تاثيركود بيولوژيك نيتروكسين بر صفات بيوشيميايي و متابوليت هاي ثانويه زعفران (.Crocus sativus L)

(.The effect of nitroxin on secondary metabolites in saffron (Crocus sativus L

به منظور ارزيابي تاثير مقادير مختلف نيتروكسين بر خصوصيات كمي و كيفي زعفران، آزمايشي در قالب طرح پايه بلوك‌هاي كامل تصادفي، با سه سطح نيتروكسين (صفر، 5، 10 ليتر در هكتار) با سه تكرار، در سال زراعي 1394 در مزرعه دانشكده كشاورزي دانشگاه بيرجند انجام شد. نتايج نشان داد كه بيشترين تعداد و عملكرد گل از تيمار 5 ليتر نيتروكسين در هكتار به ترتيب به ميزان 6/66 عدد در متر مربع و 5/78 كيلوگرم گرم در هكتار و كمترين آنها از تيمار شاهد و به ترتيب 5 عدد در متر مربع و 4/10 كيلوگرم در هكتار بدست آمد. همچنين، بيشترين ميزان سافرانال و كروسين كلاله از تيمار 5 ليتر نيتروكسين در هكتار به ترتيب با 17 و 46/57 درصد و كمترين آن از تيمار شاهد به ترتيب با 11 و 27/13 درصد به دست آمد. همچنين تيمار 10 ليتر نيتروكسين در هكتار، باعث افزايش 45 درصدي ميزان پيكروكروسين كلاله در مقايسه با شاهد شد. نتايج مقايسه ميانگين ها نشان داد كه بيشترين ميزان آنتي اكسيدان، فنول و آنتوسيانين گلبرگ، در تيمار 10 ليتر نيتروكسين در هكتار به ترتيب 35/66 درصد، 83/26 و 23/74 ميلي‌گرم در100 گرم مشاهده شد. بنابراين نتايج به دست آمده بيانگر اثر مثبت كاربرد نيتروكسين بر صفات بيوشيميايي و متابوليت‌هاي ثانويه زعفران بود.

Introduction: The most expensive medicinal spicy plant in the Middle East countries is saffron (Crocus sativus L.). Saffron is prepared from dried, bright red stigma and its value is determined by the color compounds, carotenoids, crocin, and other crocetinglocosyl ester, slightly bitter flavor, picrocrocin, and pleasant aroma, safranal. Nutritional management is one of the main factors affecting chemical properties and yield of saffron. The aim of this research was to investigate the effects of different rates of nitroxin on flower properties and second metabolites of saffron. Materials and Methods: This experiment was carried out as randomized completely block design with three replications in research farm of Birjand University, Iran, during growing season 2015. Experimental factor was consisted of nitroxin (0, 5, 10 liters per ha). Mother corm planting was in early October, 2015 with 10×20 cm corms distances and planting depth of 15 cm. Flower of saffron was measured during autumn of 2015. Total phenolic was determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu assay. Free radical scavenging activity of the samples was determined using DPPH method. The main secondary metabolites’ crocin, picrocrocin and safranal were measured by Spectrophotometric approach according to Iran’s national standard. Finally, data analysis was done using SAS 9.1 and means were compared by duncan’s multiple range test at 5% level of probability. Results and Discussion: Use of Nitroxin was showed a significant effect on the number and flower yield was 5%. So that the greatest number and Yield Flower of treatment nitroxin 5 liters per hectare, respectively, at a rate of 6.66 per square meter and 5784 grams per hectare and least of all from the control by 5 per square meter and 4100 grams per hectare, respectively. Use of Nitroxin on the safranal (perfume) and crocin (color) Saffron significant effect at 1 percent and the picrocrocin (taste) at 5 percent, The highest rate of treatment safranal and Safranal nitroxin 5 liters per hectare, respectively, 17 and 46.57 percent and the lowest of control, respectively, 11 and 27.13 respectively. The treatment nitroxin 10 liters per hectare, an increase of 45 percent compared with the control Picrocrocin. The amount of antioxidants, phenols and anthocyanin petals were significant at the 5% level, the highest amount of antioxidants, phenols and anthocyanin in the treatment of 10 liters per hectare nitroxin by 35.66 percent, 83.26 and 23.74 mg per 100 g, respectively. Conclusion: Generally, the findings of current study revealed that the use of nitroxin had strong impact on quantities and qualities properties saffron in this study