مطالعه كارايي جذب فسفر و برخي ويژگي هاي رشدي و فيزيولوژيكي درخت هلو رقم انجيري در شرايط منابع و روش هاي مختلف مصرف كودهاي فسفره

Effect of sources and application method of phosphorus fertilizers on efficiency of Phosphorus uptake and some growth and Physiological characteristics of peach

كارائي جذب فسفر در كشاورزي بخصوص در درختان ميوه كه ريشه‌هاي عميق داشته و گياهان چند ساله مي‌باشند از مشكلات عمده در تغذيه گياهان مي‌باشد. يكي از روش‌هاي افزايش جذب فسفر جايگذاري آن در محل ريشه در عمق خاك مي‌باشد. بدين منظور آزمايشي به صورت فاكتوريل و در قالب طرح بلوك‌هاي كامل تصادفي با 2 فاكتور و 3 تكرار كه فاكتور اول روش هاي مختلف مصرف كود شامل: محلول پاشي جايگذاري كيسه حاوي پوميس و مصرف بصورت كود آبياري(سطح خاك) و همچنين فاكتور دوم، منابع مختلف فسفر شامل سوپر فسفات تريپل، فسفات آمونيوم و آب در سه تكرار اجرا گرديد. اين آزمايش در درختان هلو رقم انجيري سه ساله در زميني به مساحت ششصد متر اجرا شد. نمونه هاي گياهي در انتهاي فصل برداشت و غلظت فسفر و مقدار جذب كل محاسبه گرديد. نتايج نشان داد كه روش مصرف تاثير معني‌داري بر غلظت فسفر در برگها و ساقه داشت. همچنين منابع فسفر نيز غلظت فسفر را در برگ‌ها بشدت تغيير داد(0/01 ≥ P). مقايسه ميانگين نشان داد كه حداكثر غلظت فسفر در تيمار فسفات آمونيوم در پوميس ديده شد كه نسبت به كود آبياري سطحي حدود 25 ٪ افزايش فسفر داشت. نتايج نشان مي‌دهد كه مصرف فسفر در كيسه حاوي پوميس مي‌تواند در افزايش جذب و كارايي فسفر موثر باشد.

Introduction: Fruit quality has been found to be superior by the balanced application of P fertilizer in the most of fruit trees. Peach (Prunus persica) is one of the top five most important fruit tree crops in the world. It is a delicious and healthy summer fruit in most temperate regions of a large number of peach cultivars have been developed in different regions of the world with diverse fruit characteristics, adaptability and market values. Phosphorous (P) is one of the least available, least mobile, mineral nutrient to the plants in all agricultural crops based on its contribution to the biomass as a macronutrient. The efficiency of phosphorus uptake in agricultural crops especially, in fruit trees, which are perennial plants and have deep roots, is one of the major problems in nutrition programs. The efficiency of phosphorus uptake in agricultural crops especially, in fruit trees, which are perennial plants and have deep roots, is one of the major problems in nutrition programs. One of the methods to increase phosphorus absorption is to place it in the root zone. Materials and Methods: the experiment was factorial based on randomized complete block design with two factors and three replications. Factors were included as various methods and sources of phosphorus fertilizers. Methods Factor were included foliar application, irrigation fertilizer (soil surface), and pumice bag. Sources Factor including ammonium phosphate, triple superphosphate, and water. Plant samples were taken at the end of the harvesting season and the concentration of phosphorus and total absorption were evaluated. Results and Discussion: The results were showed that the consumption method had a significant effect on the concentration of phosphorus in leaves and stems. Phosphorus sources also significantly altered the concentration of phosphorus in the leaves (P ≥. 0/01). The comparison of the means was showed that the maximum phosphorus concentration was observed in pumice bag treatment, which was increased 25% in compared with surface irrigation. However, it was resulted that the use of phosphorus in a pumice bag could be effective method in phosphorus uptake and efficiency.