كاربست رويكرد ايراني اسلامي در فرآيند تحليل و ارتقا كيفيت نماهاي شهري

Utilizing Iranian - Islamic Approach in the Analysis and Improvement Process of the Quality of Urban Facades

امروزه و با گسترش دانش طراحي شهري، بر لزوم توجّه به وجوه گوناگون كيفيت زندگي شهروندان تأكيد شده و فرآيند طراحي شهري به عنوان ابزاري قدرتمند و منعطف جهت بهبود و ارتقاي كيفيت محيط شناخته شده است. از جمله عناصر محيطي تأثيرگذار در زمينه ارتقاي كيفيت­ بصري فضاهاي شهري، نما­هاي شهري هستند. به نظر مي­رسد در سالهاي اخير و به دليل ساخت و ساز­هاي انبوه و شتابزده به اين عناصر محيطي بي‌توجّهي شده­است. نتيجه اين بي‌توجّهي پيدايش شهرهايي با نماهاي يكنواخت، غربزده و به دور از تنوع و سرزندگي است كه افزايش استرس و نا آرامي ساكنين شهر­هاي امروزي را به دنبال داشته­است. با توجّه به آنچه گفته شد هدف عمده مقاله حاضر، يافتن فرآيند طراحي شهري منطبق بر رويكرد ايراني- اسلامي جهت بهبود كيفيت­هاي بصري نماهاي شهرهاي امروزي است. بدين منظور مقاله حاضر با استناد به مطالعات كتابخانهاي و ميداني و با استفاده از روش­هاي تحقيق توصيفي - تحليلي و تطبيقي، به ارزيابي كيفي و تحليل تطبيقي نمونه­هايي از فرآيند طراحي شهري نماهاي شهري در فضاهاي عمومي شهر تهران (خيابان كارگر، خيابان امام، ميدان امام خميني و ميدان راه آهن) پرداخته و با دست­يابي به چارچوبي مفهومي و اصولي كاربردي، فرآيندي بهينه و انعطاف­پذير در زمينه ارتقاي كيفيت بصري زيبايي شناختي نماي ساختمانهاي شهرهاي ايران ارائه كرده است. شناخت، بررسي ويژگي‌هاي محيطي، تحليل و بررسي ويژگي‌هاي محيطي، تدوين و ارائه تكنيك‌هاي طراحي شهري، تدوين سياست‌ها و رويكرد پروژه و ارزيابي سياست‌ها و طرح‌هاي اجرايي گام­هاي اصلي اين فرآيند طراحي شهري هستند.

Beauty stems from the nature of human existence and social life and therefore it is necessary for the welfare and progress of individuals and social life. Landscape aesthetic values of urban street spaces are different from the other values of the physical elements. Buildings and urban facades are considered as Environmental factors that affect the improvement of aesthetics and visual qualities in urban areas. In recent years, due to accelerated construction, this subject has been neglected. This has led to the creation of a uniform appearance in cities with no diversity and vitality in cities and consequently has increased the stress and turmoil of city residents. With the emergence of urban design, attention to the quality of people's lives has expanded, and the need for urban design process as a powerful tool for improving the quality of life has been taken into consideration. Urban design is an important aspect in this problem and the introduction of the standards and principles of aesthetics, has led to the creation of environmental quality in urban spaces. With this said, the main purpose of this paper is to find a urban design process which leads to Iranian- Islamic facades. The main question in this paper is, what are the most important elements in the design process of urban facades?. In order to answer these questions, it is assumed that these urban facades have emerged as a result of neglection and disregard towards urban design criteria. Therefore it is required to revise this process in order to recover fundamental issues that affect the facade design of public spaces. This paper uses library studies and descriptive-anaytical method. In this paper, the design process of urban facades in public spaces of the citu of Tehran (Kargar Street, Emam Street, Imam Khomeini Square, and Rah-Ahan Square) have been analyzed. Using this, a set of structures and principles are reached which can be utilized in the improvement of visual and aesthetic quality of urban facades in Iranian cities. Understanding, studying and analyzing the features of the place, preparing and providing urban design techniques, preparing policies and analyzing them are the main steps of this urban design process.