عصمت انبيا و مراتب آن از نظرگاه تفسيري آيت‌الله معرفت

The Purpose, the Factor of the Integrity of the Qur'anic Suras: A Critique on the Theory of Subject Unity of Suras

عصمت انبيا يكي از مباني اعتقادي مشترك بين مسلمانان است؛ اما در خصوص زمان و گستره آن اختلاف‌نظرهايي مشاهده مي­ شود. شايد بتوان گفت مهم‌ترين دليل اختلاف، از آياتي ناشي مي‌شود كه درظاهر با عصمت انبيا منافات دارد. اين نوشتار با روش توصيفي - تحليلي به تبيين ديدگاه آيتالله معرفت در اين خصوص پرداخته است. از اين منظر عصمت هرچند عطيه الهي است، تأثير نفساني نبي در تقويت و ارتقابخشي به آن، موجبات شدت و ضعف آن را رقم مي‌زند. تفسير آياتي كه به‌ ظاهر با عصمت پيامبر اكرم(ص) منافات دارد، در تبيين آيتالله معرفت از نوآوري ايشان حكايت دارد كه با نگرشي اصولي و تكيه بر دانش علوم قرآني معتقد است هرچند لفظ آيه خطاب به پيامبر اكرم نازل شده است، مراد خداوند آن حضرت نبوده و حكم آيه بر ساير مسلمانان جاري است. اين در حالي است كه برخي مفسران با توجه به ظاهر آيه، گستره عصمت را در ايشان محدود دانسته و گروهي ديگر به توجيه ظاهر آيات پرداخته‌اند.

This article seeks to explain the evidence by interpret of relevant knowledge, to confirm the unique role of purpose in integrating some suras. According to this, the reason for the development of the text in terms of contemporary literary theories is the existence of communicational purpose; from point of view Grammars, the development of the word depends on its utility and goal. The development of the trend has also been conditioned by a large purpose behind the text and on Rhetoric science is also stated, the conjunction of the word to rhetoric is conditioned by the existence of a secondary purpose (other than the literal meaning of the word). in addition to, In the discussions of the research method it is proved that coherence of the research texts, if the problem and the goal is determined, will be achieved and the topic-based texts will not be fruitful. According to the philosophy of science, The unity and distinction of the sciences, at least in the communication sciences, is the purpose of science. This article also points out the subject of sura is not capable of being coherent with sura. Because, firstly, in the research method, subject-based texts are disjointed and incoherent, it has also been proven in the philosophy of science that science cannot be distinguished by subject. In addition, it has also been stated in the practice. It is impossible that provide a topic that is comprehensive on all the sura issues and prevent other sura issues. an‎d finally, the researchers have also provided a definition of subject unity which is practically a return to unity of purpose.