روش و روش‌شناسي در علوم انساني اسلامي چارچوبي براي تحليل و ارزيابي نظريه‌هاي علم ديني و علوم انساني اسلامي

Method and methodology of Islamic social sciences A universal framework for describing and evaluating the theories of religious science and Islamic social sciences

روش ­شناسي علوم انساني اسلامي عهده‌دار كشف، توصيف و ارزيابي معرفت­ شناختي روش­ هاي پيشنهادي در نظريه ­هاي علم­ اسلامي و علوم انساني اسلامي است. توصيف مذكور تركيبي است از «معرفي نحوه گردآوري و تحليل داده­ هاي مرتبط با پرسش ­ها يا فرضيه­ هاي تحقيق» و «تشريح منطق و الگوي كلي فعاليت علمي». ارزيابي معرفت‌شناختي يافته­ هاي حاصل از كاربست روش، بر اساس اين توصيفات صورت مي­ گيرد كه بخش مهمي از «روش ­شناسي» را تشكيل مي ­دهد. مقاله حاضر در صدد بيان الزامات روش ­شناختي علم­ ديني و علوم انساني اسلامي است؛ لذا الزامات مذكور را در سه مورد بيان كرده است: نخست در خصوص شناخت علمي موضوع مورد پژوهش؛ دوم درباره شناخت آموزه ­هاي ديني مرتبط با موضوع مورد پژوهش؛ سوم درباره ضرورت بيان نحوه ارتباط ميان آموزه ­هاي ديني مذكور با يافته علمي حاصل از روش پيشنهادي. اين الزامات همچون چارچوبي كلي براي توصيف و ارزيابي نظريه‌هاي علم­ ديني و علوم انساني اسلامي شناسايي و تشريح شده ­­­­­اند.

The methodology of Islamic human science is charged with finding out, describing, and epistemologically evaluating the methods proposed by the theories of religious sciences and Islamic human sciences. The description above-mentioned consists of introducing data collection techniques, analyzing these data which are related to the questions or hypothesis of the research, and expounding the logic and general patterns of scientific activities accomplished in Islamic human sciences. Epistemological evaluation of the results obtained from applying the methods should be done on the basis of this description. This epistemological analysis is an important part of methodology. This article has the intention of giving an account of the methodic, and methodological requirements of religious sciences and Islamic human sciences. Consequently, it expresses these requirements in three realms: first, in scientific recognition of the subject of research; secondly, in recognition of the religious doctrines connected with the subject of research, and thirdly, in the necessity of showing the relation between the Islamic doctrines and the results obtained from applying the methods proposed. These requirements are expounded as a universal framework for describing and evaluating the theories of religious sciences and Islamic social sciences.