نقاشي و جامعه: شكل‌گيري نقاشي ايران در قرن هشتم هجري

Painting and Society The Formation of the Persian Painting in the 14th Century

نقاشي ايراني را غالباً از منظر تاريخي مطالعه كرده‌اند. اما شكل‌گيري آن در يك زمينۀ بخصوص اجتماعي رخ داده است. در اين مقاله مي‌كوشيم نقاشي ايراني را در اين زمينۀ اجتماعي مطالعه كنيم. نشان خواهيم داد كه زيباشناسي نقاشي ايراني وابستگي عميقي به اين زمينۀ اجتماعي دارد. نقاشي ايراني هنري است برخاسته از دربارها و نمايشگر زندگي درباريان در قالب شخصيت‌هاي حماسه‌هاي ايراني. برخلاف روايت معمول، اين زمينۀ اجتماعي نقش مؤثري در شكل‌گيري مضامين نقاشي ايراني داشته است. بدين معنا كه اين هنر بازنمود زندگي سفارش‌دهندگان است تا مضامين عرفاني. شكوفايي نقاشي ايراني در قرن هشتم هجري نسبت مستقيمي با حاكميت ايلخانان و تيموريان دارد. اين مقاله اين نسبت را از منظري جامعه‌شناختي بررسي مي‌كند.

Persian painting has usually been studied from historical point of views. But its formation is rooted in a specific social context. In this study, we will try to contextualize it and we will show that this social context has a crucial role regarding its aesthetic. Persian painting is an art of royal courts and it represents the life of princes combined with Persian epic legendes. This social context and its impact on the Persian painting will be studied here, showing that ordinary life of royal families is the central theme of these paintings and not, as it is said usually, the sprituality of mystical realms. The formation of the Persian painting in the 14th century is typically related to the Persian cultur ruled by the Mongols and Timûrids who tried to legitimize their kingdom by supporting the arts and particularly painting. That is why the art of painting flourished in Persia during their dynasties.