كليدواژه :
حفاظت از ميراث , فعالان ميراث , سازمان هاي غيردولتي , ايران , فرانسه
چكيده فارسي :
هدف از پژوهش حاضر بررســي تطبيقي عملكرد و نقش ســازمان هاي غيردولتي در ايران و فرانســه است. داده هاي پژوهش از طريق مصاحبه نيمه ســاختاريافته گردآوري شــده و به روش كيفي تحليل شده است. يافته هاي پژوهش نشان مي دهد كه اهداف و فعاليت ها ي انجمن ها در فرانسه و ايران مشابه است، اما شرايط موجود در هر كشور نقش تعيين كننده اي در ميزان موفقيت انجمن ها دارد. در فرانسه موضوع ميراث يكي از اولويت ها ي كشور است. همچنين، به علت سابقه طولاني شكل گيري انجمن ها، جايگاه آنها در جامعه شناخته شــده اســت. اما در ايران انجمن ها هنوز براي تثبيت جايگاه خود تلاش مي كنند. مقايسه دو بستر نشان مي دهد كه به منظور افزايش ميزان موفقيت انجمن ها، حمايت هاي مادي و معنوي بخش عمومي ضروري اســت. بنابراين آگاهي نهادهاي عمومي از اهميت اين انجمن ها در حفاظت از ميراث امري اجتناب ناپذير است. علاوه بر اين، انجمن ها ي ايران بايد تلاش كنند تا از طريق اقدامات ترويجي، مسئله ميراث را به دغدغه اي عمومي تبديل كنند.
چكيده لاتين :
Formation of heritage conservation NGOs has a long background in many developed countries. Many developing
countries have also begun to establish these types of NGOs. This research aims to evaluate the role of these NGOs in
heritage conservation in Iran and France. For this study, five NGOs were selected from each of the aforementioned two
countries. The data were collected through an open questionnaire, and were analyzed qualitatively.
The results reveal that the conditions governing each country have a decisive role in performance and degree of
success of heritage NGOs. In France, heritage is among priorities of the country and its conservation has become an
obvious matter. But in Iran, heritage conservation is not taken as part of priorities of the state. Moreover, considering
the long history of formation of NGOs they are known and accepted by the society. This is while Iranian NGOs are
still to make much effort to stabilize their positions. There is much similarity among the objectives and activities
of the NGOs in two countries. However, in Iran, many NGOs have focused on propagative, cultural or educational
activities because of the numerous impediments and the difficulty involved in the engagement of NGOs with the
main issue which is heritage conservation. In Iran, heritage conservation is not taken as part of priorities of the state.
What is more, the historical areas of the towns in Iran suffer from such problems as unavailability of public services,
unemployment, socioeconomic problems, shortage of recreational facilities, etc. With the aforementioned problems,
heritage conservation is neither a concern of the residents nor a concern of urban management system and other
public foundations. Therefore, NGOs may not receive sufficient support to realize their objectives. Hence, they shift
to the activities for which they may receive financial support and acceptance. While heritage conservation is in itself
a requirement in France, the NGOs confine their activities to this, French NGOs have clear aims and clear scope of
intervention. This results in maintenance of their objectives to a great extent.
A further important point is the degree of heritage awareness among citizens. The facts observed in France indicate
that the people are interested in their heritage and consider its conservation as a necessity. But in Iran it seems that the
interest in heritage and awareness of this subject is limited to certain social groups.
The movement of NGOs was started with much delay in Iran. However, their number in the country is indicative of
an intention for heritage conservation and it reveals that heritage has now become a concern of part of the society.
The actions taken by the NGOs can be taken as a good beginning in the presence of the overcoming conditions
and impediments. Formally, they are much similar to French NGOs and they have even established a coordinating
foundation in the same way as French associations do. It appears that the NGOs shall experience considerable
achievements in case they are able to make the issue of heritage a public concern of the society through propagative
actions.
