كليدواژه :
خلاقيت اجتماعي , نظريه شهر خلاق , كنش هاي آگاهانه , عوامل زمينه اي , تجارب روزمره
چكيده فارسي :
در نظريه شهر خلاق، خلاقيت امري در انحصار نوابغ و هنرمندان است. اين رويكرد فردگرايانه به خلاقيت سبب ناديده انگاشتن ابعاد، ســطوح و كاركردهاي اجتماعي خلاقيت شده است. مطالعات صورت گرفته بيانگر نمود اجتماعي خلاقيت در بستر گروه هاي اجتماعي، سازمان ها و شهر است. لازم است تا خلاقيت به عنوان پديده اي اجتماعي كه حاصل تعامل افراد با محيط پيرامون است، مفهوم پردازي گردد. در اين مقاله با بهره گيري از متون تخصصي، چهارچوبي تحليلي براي خلاقيت اجتماعي پيشــنهاد شده است. روش تحقيق بهره گيري از ابزار كتابخانه اي با تكيه بر تحليل محتواي اســناد اســت. يافته هــاي تحقيق دربردارنده تحليل نمودار مفهومي ســطوح و فرايند خلاقيت اجتماعي و تفسير ارتباط ميان كنشــگران، بستر و نتايج خلاقيت است. بروز خلاقيت اجتماعي در نظريه شــهر خلاق نيازمند نگرش به شهرسازي به مثابه كنشي اجتماعي و اتخاذ فرايندي مبتني بر ارتقاي گفتمان، مشاركت و تجارب روزمره است. در انتها پيشنهاد هايي جهت كاربست خلاقيت اجتماعي در نظريه شهر خلاق ارائه شده است.
چكيده لاتين :
This paper encourages a new approach to reconsider the current attitude towards creativity in the theories of the
creative city, creative industries and creative economy. This reconsideration is necessary, because there is a threat that
the individualistic and physiologic approach now arranges the concept of the creative city over any further exploration
of creativity and its wider role in the economic, social and cultural environment. Creativity is shown as an issue in the
domination of talented artists and geniuses in the theories of the creative city. This individualistic approach leads to
ignore the social dimensions, levels, and functions of creativity. However, creativity is increasingly assumed as a social
phenomenon in some studies, especially in the context of social groups, organizations, and city. An integrative review
of the literature reveals that the engagement in creativity processes occurs not only in individuals, but in individuals
interacting with each other, in group and team works, multilevel systems and finally in complex systems such as cities.
There is a need to re-conceptualize creativity as a social phenomenon, resulting from the interaction between human
beings and other people, their surrounding environment and the artifacts that represent essential collective knowledge.
This article offers a conceptual framework for the main processes of social creativity that integrates perspectives from
a body of related literature by using a conceptual map. Criteria for social creativity in the context of urban planning
can be categorized into three general categories as contextual factors, sustained everyday practices and conscious
activities. The most basic requirements of social creativity are the suitable contextual factors (a set of historical, social,
cultural, and political conditions) and the existence or creation of motivation in society. Social creativity in urban
planning context requires a paradigm shift and change of approach toward creativity from individualistic (physiologic
and expert-based) viewpoint to holistic (sociological and people-based) approach. This paradigm shift plays the role
of creativity in the larger domain of urban planning discipline and thus the literature of the creative city theory
provides the basis for considering it as a social issue. Creative urban planning requires a collaborative, facilitative,
and participatory process based on the discourse making among different stockholders and provides the possibility
for the local society to accept the role of experts in the process of urban planning. Therefore, this paper discusses
the relationship between individual and social creativity and analyzes the need for the social approach in the urban
planning. The paper also suggests an agenda for re-qualifying the creative city theory according to this fundamentally
social conception, including how this can be achieved through implanting a new concept of social creativity. The
findings include a conceptual diagram which shows the analysis and interpretation of the relationship between actors
and social creative process, context and the results of creativity. Social creativity requires social action and adopting
process-based approach to urban planning, promoting dialogue among actors, participation and everyday experiences.
In conclusion, several proposals are offered for the application of concept in the theory of social creativity and creative
city.
