پديد آورندگان :
مرادي نسب، حسين دانشگاه آزاد اسلامي واحد علوم و تحقيقات - دانشكده هنر و معماري , اعتصام، ايرج دانشگاه آزاد اسلامي واحد علوم و تحقيقات - دانشكده هنر و معماري , بمانيان، محمدرضا دانشگاه تربيت مدرس - دانشكده هنر و معماري
كليدواژه :
تشبيه , تنزيه , معماري , كالبد معماري , مسجد , مكتب اصفهان
چكيده فارسي :
باور و اعتقاد چه در شكل دهي به زندگي و چه نقشي كه در جنبه معنوي زندگي انسانها ايفا مي كند عاملي اساسي در صورت بخشي به معماري به شمار مي رود. بدين ترتيب معماري مكان كالبدي انديشه و باور اعتقادي انسان متعلق به آن ميگردد. در دوره صفويه كه امتزاج تفكر شيعي با انديشه عرفاني به همراه انديشه فلسفي است مكتب اصفهان را به‌وجود ميآورد كه نقش مهمي در آفرينش هنري اين دوره داشته‌است. ازآنجايي‌كه مساجد (خصوصاً جامع) بيشترين تأثيرپذيري را از عقايد و باورهاي زمان خود دارند، براي بازخواني انديشه تشبيهي و انديشه تنزيهي در نظر گرفته‌شد. به همين منظور با تبيين اين انديشه ها و استخراج معيارهاي كيفي و كمي صُور تشبيهي و صُور تنزيه ي در معماري چهار چوب اصلي پژوهش مشخص شد سپس اندام‌هاي كالبدي مسجد امام با اين معيارها براي تشخيص نوع تشبيهي و تنزيه ي سنجيده شد كه ماحصل پژوهش تعادل تشبيهي-تنزيه ي در بخش گنبدخانه مسجد امام بود.
چكيده لاتين :
Belief and faith are key factors in architecture, whether in forming the human beings lives or its role in their spiritual
dimension. Thus, architecture is the body that belongs to human's thoughts and beliefs; therefore where ever a major
artistic creation with traditional nature has been observed, there should exist a live traditional thinking. So in order
to recognize the mystical and philosophical ideas that their peak was represented in Safavid era which is known as
the golden age of art, we have to enter through the gate of Islamic arts philosophy. Transcendence and imminence as
the subject matters are one of the ways to find out and comprehend the philosophy of art and the beauty of Islam, but
the important point about these subjects is the dual structure of transcendence and imminence. Due to the dialectic
between these two - transcendence and imminence- (Throughout the history of Islam) and while they have separated
features, only it can be possible to figure out their complementary feature through their unitary vision. Of course,
such duality that the universe is made up of one whole which is composed of two obvious and inseparable elements,
has been seen in different religions, like "Yin and Yang" in China. As mentioned in Islamic sciences and in an
initial classification about God and the universe, two words are in common; Transcendence and imminence. The
transcendent philosophers do not consider any human traits for God and in contrast there are imminent mystics who
define imminence as the attribution of human traits to God. Going out from this conflict is only possible through
unitary vision of transcendence and imminence. This vision which is attributed to Muhiddin Ibn Arabic, considers the
summation of transcendence and imminence in order to God's cognition. Since mosques (central) are the most effected
places by beliefs and thoughts of their time, they are chosen as the typical examples for reloading the transcendent
and imminent ideas. For this purpose, first quantitative and qualitative criteria of transcendent and imminent shapes
in architecture were extracted. On the other hand this means that in architecture, components of imminent shapes
correspond to transition, dynamism, transparence, transfer, static, sublime and establishment; and components of
transcendent shapes correspond to void, centripetal, symmetric and balanced spaces. Then in order to recognize
the transcendent and imminent aspects, all the skeletal shapes of Imam Mosque, like the system of entrance, yard,
porch and dome were measured and evaluated with these criteria. The results of this measurement were the dominant
imminent aspects for transitional and motional shapes like entrance and porches, and the dominant transcendent
aspects for mosque's yard as the static, void and centripetal space. But the balance of transcendent and imminent ideas
can be searched comprehensively in the architecture of dome, where the void atmosphere (negative) and the tangible
positive atmosphere (surrounded the environment) have been defined and the static and centripetal and in a same time
dynamic, connected and transitional atmosphere (vertical) toward the God can be understood, observed and perceived.
