كليدواژه :
كودك , فضاهاى شهرى , امنيت , دستورالعمل طراحى
چكيده فارسي :
دوران كودكى مرحله ى گذراى زندگى اســت، اما همين دوران بزرگ ترين سرمايه در شكل گيرى شخصيت هر فرد مى باشد. اگر آموزش پا به شهر نگذارد ازلحاظ شخصيتى با مشكل روبرو خواهد شد. با گسترش شهرها، روزبه روز به ِكودك در مراحل تكميلى مناطق ممنوعه اضافه مى شــود كه در اين ميان، كودكان به دليل شــرايط سنى خود آسيب پذيرند، پس براى حمايت از آنها بايد فضايى امن در شــهر فراهم گردد تا كودك از رفتن به محله، كوچه و خيابان ترســى نداشــته باشد. اين مقاله سعى دارد تا نقش طراحى شهرى را در كاهش و پيشگيرى از جرائم و فراهم ساختن محيطى امن براى كودكان بررسى كند. ازاين رو، ابتدا به بررسى تجربيات طراحى فضاى امن شهرى براى كودكان در جهان و نكات مثبت اين فضاها، پرداخته خواهد شد و سپس به نتيجه گيرى نهايي، در قالب تدوين دستورالعمل هاى طراحى فضاهاى شهرى امن در يك محله براى كودكان در ايران ارائه شده است.
چكيده لاتين :
Nowadays, children all around the world con s titute approximately 31 percent of the global population, and moreover,
in the country of Iran children comprise a population of about 19 million individuals who represent the future human
capital of this country, and are as such, an important demographic in this country’s society. Therefore, it is a critical
matter that children should be considered in the process of urban planning and design. As UNICEF express it, the
primary responsibility for ensuring that children’s right are realized lies with governments and other s takeholders such
as civil society organizations, private sector, academia and media, as well as children themselves. Given that, public
and government officials, city managers, top executives and private firms should collaborate with each other to set
out a series of normative principles for city planners and urban designers taking consideration of children needs. It is
safe to say that children needs consi s t of many factors such as environmental, social, educational, cultural, healthcare,
and more importantly safety needs. Broadly speaking, it is the city, town or community’s task to protect children from
violence, abuse and exploitation where they can grow up healthy with utmo s t care. Hence, inve s tigating, determining
and identifying the characteri s tics of a safe and secure environment for children (or even adults) is crucial to this
matter. The citizen’s security and ways of promoting it have been considered as priority of urban designer, this urban
security promotion and improvement, have beneficial aspects on cultural and social traces and relics that related
to citizen’s behavioral pattern that enhance the residential environment quality through urban crime and violence
reduction. As the matter of fact, in the pa s t few decades, there has been a change in under s tanding of how crime and
violence reduction should be achieved. Taking into account the above, several researchers have offered concepts of
defensible spaces to planners and designers in order to create and shape a more secure and safer public space which
reduces the crime and violence rate.
The attempt has been made to introduce the role of urban fabric and its physical aspects, and makes clear the principles,
paradigms and the theoretician s trategies approaches. Moreover, examined here are the experiences gained around the
world with regards to the design of safe public spaces. Given that, The effort has been made to fo s ter the factors which
are affected to the urban spaces safety, the necessity of the safe urban theories relates to this manife s t: nowadays, the
urban fabric potentials and physical aspect have been not considered in urban crime reduction that enhance the quality
of life and urban satisfaction.
This research result shows that the crime commission and violence can be reduced by using practical urban design
criteria. The attempt has been made to cultivate the factors which are affected to the urban security. By attention to the
positive aspects of the safe and secure urban public spaces, and their influence on children, we shall arrive at certain
deductive principles or guidelines for safe public urban spaces in our cities.
