كليدواژه :
رسول , حواريون , عهد جديد , قرآن كريم , اسلام , مسيحيت
چكيده فارسي :
مفهوم «رسول» در شمار مفاهيم پركاربُرد و اساسي در دو متن مقدّسِ دو دين بزرگ ابراهيمي، يعني عهد جديد و قرآن كريم قرار دارد؛ با اين حال با وجود اشتراكاتي چند، تفاوت‌هايي جوهري در ميان مهم‌ترين مصاديق اين مفهوم در اين دو متن به چشم مي‌آيد. دست‌يابي به اين تفاوت‌ها، حاصل بررسيِ مستقيم نصوص عهد جديد و قرآن كريم است؛ براساس اين بررسي‌ها مي‌توان باز پرسيد آيا اين مفهوم در اين دو كتاب بنيادين، به يكسان به‌كار رفته‌اند. هدف اين پژوهش، ارائۀ پاسخي به اين پرسش بوده است. اين مقاله از روش توصيفي‌تحليلي استفاده كرده و با مطالعۀ تطبيقي در منابع مربوط به توضيح مفاهيم اين دو كتاب - كه به شناخت صحيح‌تر اين دو دين از بُعد فرهنگي و تاريخي كمك مي‌كند - مفهوم و مصداق‌شناسيِ «رسول» در عهد جديد و قرآن كريم را نشان داده و تفاوت‌هاي اساسي ميان آن دو را نيز به دست داده است. مهم‌ترين يافتۀ اين پژوهش، بيان تفاوت‌ها در به‌كارگيري لغوي و اصطلاحي مفهوم رسول در مسيحيّت و اطلاق اصطلاحيِ آن در اسلام خلاصه مي‌شود؛ به گونه‌اي كه نمي‌توان مفهوم و مصداق رسول در عهد جديد را با مفهوم و مصداق آن در قرآن كريم همسان دانست.
چكيده لاتين :
Introduction: The present article seeks to first examine the concept of "apostle" in the sacred texts of the two religions i.e. Christianity and Islam: the New Testament and the Holy Qur'an, and then, in a comparative approach, tries to identify the difference between this concept in these two religions. As we will see in this introduction, this essay can help to clarify some of the most important concepts in these two religions.
Discussion. All divine / Abrahamic religions are based on the three basic concepts of the sender of the messenger, the messenger, and the message, but the most important difference between these religions lies in the concept of the apostle or the messenger. The present article is designed to examine the same concept in these two religions in a comparative way. Therefore, this article seeks to: examine the difference between the concept of the apostle in the sacred texts of Christianity and the same concept in the Holy Qur'an.
The necessity of dealing with this subject. The importance of the subject matter can be summarized as follows: 1. Getting a better knowledge about the above mentioned cultures; 2. Understanding more correctly some of the thoughts of Christian theologians in interpreting the teachings of their religion; 3. Understanding the thoughts of the first Christian theologian and author; Paul; 4. Finally, the recognition of the roots of the church / synagogue as a religious concept used in the Christian thought.
Methodology of the research. In this research, we use the narrative / descriptive method to restate the concepts in these two holy texts.
The hypothesis of the article. In this research, we will prove that there is an essential difference in the term "messenger" between the two religions of Islam and Christianity, and it should be believed and accepted.
The uses of the concept of "messenger" in the New Testament
1. Divine Prophets. By this title it is meant those who have been sent to God by Allah with a mission. Examples of this title in the New Testament are: 1/1. Christ, 2/1. John the Baptist 3/1. Jacob and the other apostles 2. Jesus Christ' apostles. 3. The Apostles of the Holy Spirit. 4. The General apostles. 5. Paul 6. The two apostles of Paul,. 7. The False messengers. 8. Great Messengers
What is the common task that can bring all these titles together?
These tasks, according to Christ's teachings, are: 1. They shouldn’t be fishermen, rather, they must be the hunter of human beings. .2 "They should accompany Christ .3. the should speak "in his name". 4. They should distribute bread among the people. 5. They should govern the crowds who refer to them. 6. They should be the column pf the church.
In understanding the prophet's examples in the Bible, the following questions must be answered.
1. Who are the examples of Prophets In the New Testament,?
2. What are the characteristics of these people?
3. What was their duty?
4. How were they given this title?
In the article we will address this issue, and then we will examine the concept of the Messenger in Islam.
The most important concepts related to the "messenger" in the Holy Qur'an can be categorized as follows: what is the nature and reality of the message of the apostles, what are the attributes of the divine apostles, what are the types of divine apostles, and the degrees of them, what are the duties of the apostles, and how are they confirmed by the miracles.
Based on these discussions, we finally conclude and present 11 outcomes as the results of this article.
