ﭘﯿﻮﻧﺪ دﺳﺖ: ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ، اﮐﻨﻮن و آﯾﻨﺪه

Hand Transplant: Past, Now and Future

دﺳﺖ ﻋﻀﻮي ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮدي ﺑﻮده، در ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖﻫﺎي روزﻣﺮه اﻧﺴﺎن ﺷﺮﮐﺖ دارد و در ﻋﯿﻦ ﺣﺎل آﺳﯿﺐﭘﺬﯾﺮﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﺑﺨﺶ از ﺑﺪن اﻧﺴﺎن اﺳﺖ. ﻫﺮ ﺳﺎل ﺗﻌﺪاد ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻬﯽ از ﻣﺮدم ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ ﺣﻮادث ﺗﺮاﻓﯿﮑﯽ، ﺳﻮﺧﺘﮕﯽ اﻟﮑﺘﺮﯾﮑﯽ، ﺣﻮادث ﺷﻐﻠﯽ و ﺳﺎﯾﺮ ﺗﺮوﻣﺎﻫﺎ دﺳﺖﻫﺎي ﺧﻮد را از دﺳﺖ ﻣﯽدﻫﻨﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﮐﻮدﮐﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ ﺑﯿﻤﺎريﻫﺎي ژﻧﺘﯿﮑﯽ ﯾﺎ ﻋﻮارض دوران ﺑﺎرداري ﺑﺪون دﺳﺖ ﻣﺘﻮﻟﺪ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ. ﻫﻤﯿﻨﻄﻮر ﺑﯿﻤﺎريﻫﺎي ﻋﺮوق، دﯾﺎﺑﺖ، ﻋﻔﻮﻧﺖ و ﺳﺮﻃﺎنﻫﺎ ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﻨﺪ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻗﻄﻊ دﺳﺖ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ. ﺑﺸﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻓﻘﺪان دﺳﺖ،54 % از ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﺧﻮد را از دﺳﺖ ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﻧﺪاﺷﺘﻦ دﺳﺖ، ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮات ﻣﻨﻔﯽ از ﻧﻈﺮ ﺟﺴﻤﯽ، رواﻧﯽ و اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ دارد. ﭘﯿﻮﻧﺪ دﺳﺖ ﯾﮏ روش درﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﻣﻄﻠﻮب ﺑﺮاي اﻓﺮادي ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ ﯾﮏ ﯾﺎ ﻫﺮ دو دﺳﺖ آﻧﻬﺎ ﻗﻄﻊ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﭘﯿﻮﻧﺪ دﺳﺖ ﻓﻘﻂ در ﻣﺮاﮐﺰ ﻣﻌﺪودي در ﺳﺮاﺳﺮ ﺟﻬﺎن اﻧﺠﺎم ﻣﯽﺷﻮد. اﯾﻦ ﭘﯿﻮﻧﺪ ﮐﻤﮏ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ ﻓﺮد ﺑﺮﺧﯽ از ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮدﻫﺎي ﺣﺮﮐﺘﯽ و ﺣﺴﯽ را دوﺑﺎره ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آورد و ﺑﻪ دﻧﺒﺎل آن ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ زﻧﺪﮔﯽ ﺑﯿﻤﺎر را ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﺑﺨﺸﺪ. در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺎرﯾﺨﭽﻪ، وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎي ﺑﯿﻤﺎران ﮐﺎﻧﺪﯾﺪ ﭘﯿﻮﻧﺪ دﺳﺖ، اﻗﺪاﻣﺎت ﺣﯿﻦ و ﺑﻌﺪ از ﺟﺮاﺣﯽ و ﻧﯿﺰ ﻋﻮارض ﭘﯿﻮﻧﺪ دﺳﺖ ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﯽﺷﻮد.

Hand is the most functional organ of the body which is involved in activities of daily living and also the most vulnerable part of the human body. Every year, a significant number of people lose their hands due to traffic accidents, electrical burns, occupational accidents and other traumas. There are also cases of disabled children born without hands due to genetic diseases or pregnancy complications. Vascular diseases, diabetes, infections and cancers can cause a person cut or lose their hand. A Human being without hands loses 54% of their function. It also has negative physical, psychological and social effects. Hand transplant is a desirable therapeutic approach for people with one hand or even without them. Hand transplantation is performed in a few centers around the world. It helps a person regain some of the motor and sensory functions of hand and subsequently aids in improving patient's quality of life. This study indicates history and characteristics of candidates for transplant, preoperative and post-operative interventions as well as hand transplant complications.