اﺧﻼق ﭘﺰﺷﮑﯽ: واﮐﺎوي ﭼﺎﻟﺶﻫﺎي ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ ﻣﺴﺆوﻟﯿﺖ ﭘﺰﺷﮏ در زﻣﯿﻨﻪ ﺟﺮاﺣﯽ زﯾﺒﺎﯾﯽ

A Examining the Legal Challenges of the Doctor's Responsibility for Cosmetic Surgery

ﺟﺮاﺣﯽ زﯾﺒﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﯾﮑﯽ از اﻗﺴﺎم ﺟﺮاﺣﯽ ﭘﻼﺳﺘﯿﮏ در ﭘﯽ ﮔﺴﺘﺮش داﻧﺶ ﺟﺮاﺣﯽ ﺗﺮﻣﯿﻤﯽ ﮐﻪ در اﺑﺘﺪا اﻏﻠﺐ ﺑﻪ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﺮﻣﯿﻢ اﻋﻀﺎي آﺳﯿﺐ دﯾﺪه ﯾﺎ ﻧﺎﻣﺘﻌﺎرف ﺑﮑﺎر ﻣﯽ رﻓﺖ، ﺑﻪ دﻧﺒﺎل ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ در ﺳﺒﮏ زﻧﺪﮔﯽ و ارزشﻫﺎي اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ، ﻣﻮرد ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﺴﯿﺎري از ﺟﻮاﻣﻊ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﭘﯿﭽﯿﺪﮔﯽ ﻫﺎي ﺗﺒﯿﯿﻦ ﻣﺴﺆوﻟﯿﺖ ﭘﺰﺷﮏ در ﺟﺮاﺣﯽ زﯾﺒﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻧﻈﺮات ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﯽ در ﻣﻮرد ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﯽ ﻣﺴﺆوﻟﯿﺖ ﭘﺰﺷﮏ در اﯾﻦ ﺟﺮاﺣﯽ ﻫﺎ اراﺋﻪ ﺷﻮد؛ در اﯾﻦ راﺑﻄﻪ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ اذﻋﺎن داﺷﺖ ﮐﻪ رﯾﺸﻪ اﻏﻠﺐ ﻣﻮارد ﻣﺴﺆوﻟﯿﺖ ﭘﺰﺷﮑﺎن ﻧﺎﺷﯽ از رﻋﺎﯾﺖ ﻧﮑﺮدن ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﻣﻌﺎﻓﯿﺖ از ﻣﺴﺆوﻟﯿﺖ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ در ﻗﺎﻧﻮن ﻣﺠﺎزات اﺳﻼﻣﯽ ذﮐﺮ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. در ﺟﺮاﺣﯽ زﯾﺒﺎﯾﯽ وﻓﻖ ﺑﻨﺪ ج ﻣﺎده 158 و ﻣﺎده 495 ﻗﺎﻧﻮن ﻣﺠﺎزات اﺳﻼﻣﯽ ﻣﺼﻮب 1392 و ﻧﯿﺰ ﻣﺎده 616 )ﺗﻌﺰﯾﺮات( ﻣﺼﻮب 1375، ﭘﺰﺷﮏ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻌﺎﻓﯿﺖ از ﻣﺴﺆوﻟﯿﺖ، ﺑﺎﯾﺪ اﺑﺘﺪا ﺿﺮورت اﻧﺠﺎم ﺟﺮاﺣﯽ را ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻄﺮاﺗﯽ ﮐﻪ در آن وﺟﻮد دارد اﺣﺮاز ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺪ، ﺳﭙﺲ رﺿﺎﯾﺖ آﮔﺎﻫﺎﻧﻪ و آزاداﻧﻪ از ﺑﯿﻤﺎر اﺧﺬ ﻧﻤﻮده و ﺧﻮد از ﺗﺨﺼﺺ ﮐﺎﻣﻞ در ﮔﺮاﯾﺶ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﺑﺮﺧﻮردار ﺑﺎﺷﺪ و ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﺪم ﺗﺼﻮر ﻫﯿﭻ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻓﻮرﯾﺖ در آن، از اﻣﮑﺎﻧﺎت و اﺑﺰار ﺣﺪاﮐﺜﺮي در اﻧﺠﺎم اﯾﻦ اﻋﻤﺎل، اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﮐﺎرﮐﺮد ﺑﺮاﺋﺖ در ﺟﺮاﺣﯽ زﯾﺒﺎﯾﯽ ﻧﻤﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﺎر اﺛﺒﺎت ﺑﺎﺷﺪ و در ﺻﻮرت ﺻﺪﻣﻪ ﮐﺎﻓﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺳﺒﺒﯿﺖ ﺟﺮاح در ﺣﺎدﺛﻪ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﻮد. در اﯾﻦ ﻓﺮض ﺟﺮاح زﯾﺒﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ از ﻋﻬﺪه اﺛﺒﺎت ﺗﻤﺎﻣﯽ ﺗﮑﺎﻟﯿﻒ ﺧﻮد اﻋﻢ از رﻋﺎﯾﺖ ﺗﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻣﯿﺎن ﺳﻮد و ﺧﻄﺮ در ﺟﺮاﺣﯽ و اﻃﻼع رﺳﺎﻧﯽ و رﻋﺎﯾﺖ ﺣﺪاﮐﺜﺮي ﻣﻮازﯾﻦ ﻓﻨﯽ، ﻋﻠﻤﯽ و ﻧﻈﺎﻣﺎت دوﻟﺘﯽ ﺑﺮآﯾﺪ.

Cosmetic surgery as one of the ways of plastic surgery following expansion of compensatory surgery that initially was being used as means of fixing damaged or unusual body parts has been center of attention following changes in the lifestyle and social values. Therefore, various ideas about howness of surgeon’s penal responsibility have been presented about these surgeries. It is acknowledged that the root of most crimes and consequent casualties of cosmetic surgery is disobeying the conditions of amnesty from penal responsibility in Islamic punishment laws. Consequently, cosmetic surgeon according to article for shirking responsibility must first clarify the necessity of doing it according to dangers concerning the surgery, then acquire conscious consent of the patient, and the surgeon's expertness over his field must be observed and according to unnecessaryness of surgery and lack of evidence and necessity, maximum facilities and tools must be used during the procedure. Also avoidance in cosmetic surgery can't change proving it and if crime is committed, culpritness of surgeon would be enough to accuse the surgeon; therefore, he has to be able to prove all of his duties including balance between pros and cons of surgery, notifying the patient, and maximum observance of technical and scientific standards to governmental system.