پديد آورندگان :
ﻋﻠﯿﺠﺎﻧﯽ، رﺣﯿﻢ دانشگاه پيام نور - گروه علم اطلاعات و دانششناسي , ﻋﺒﺎﺳﯽ، ﻋﺒﺎداﷲ دانشگاه آزاد اسلامي واحد آباده - گروه حقوق , ﻧﻈﺮي، ﻓﺮﯾﺒﺎ دانشگاه آزاد اسلامي واحد اهواز - گروه علم اطلاعات و دانش شناسي
كليدواژه :
ﺛﺒﺖ اﺧﺘﺮاع , ﭘﺎﯾﮕﺎه اﺳﺘﻨﺎدي اﺳﮑﻮﭘﻮس , ﺟﺮاﺣﯽ , ﻧﻮآوري
چكيده فارسي :
زﻣﯿﻨﻪ و ﻫﺪف: ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ رﺷﺪ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪات ﻋﻠﻤﯽ در ﺳﺎلﻫﺎي اﺧﯿﺮ، اﯾﻦ ﺳﻮال ﻫﻤﯿﺸﻪ در ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻞ ﻋﻠﻤﯽ و ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﻣﻄﺮح اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﭼﻘﺪر ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪات ﻋﻠﻤﯽ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ رﻓﻊ ﻣﺸﮑﻼت ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ و ﭼﻨﺪ درﺻﺪ آﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﮐﺎﻻ، ﺧﺪﻣﺎت و ﮐﺎر در ﮐﺸﻮر ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. در اﯾﻦ راﺳﺘﺎ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺛﺒﺖ اﺧﺘﺮاﻋﺎت ﺣﻮزه ﺟﺮاﺣﯽ را در ﺳﻄﺢ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﯽ و ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺎه اﯾﺮان در اﯾﻦ زﻣﯿﻨﻪ را ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ
ﻗﺮار داده اﺳﺖ ﺗﺎ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﻮد ﭼﻪ ﻣﯿﺰان اﺧﺘﺮاع از دل ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪات ﻋﻠﻤﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﻫﻢ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ، اﺳﺘﺨﺮاج ﻣﯽﺷﻮد.
ﻣﻮاد و روش ﻫﺎ: روش اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺳﻨﺠﯽ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از دادهﻫﺎي ﭘﺎﯾﮕﺎه اﺳﺘﻨﺎدي اﺳﮑﻮﭘﻮس و ﻣﻮﺗﻮر ﺗﻌﺒﯿﻪ
ﺷﺪه ﺑﺮ روي آن اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ از ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰار اﮐﺴﻞ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﺮﺳﯿﻢ ﺟﺪاول و ﻧﻤﻮدارﻫﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ.
ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ: ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎي اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﮐﺸﻮرﻫﺎي آﻣﺮﯾﮑﺎ، ژاﭘﻦ، اﻧﮕﻠﺴﺘﺎن، آﻟﻤﺎن، اﯾﺘﺎﻟﯿﺎ، ﭼﯿﻦ، ﻓﺮاﻧﺴﻪ، ﮐﺎﻧﺎدا، ﻫﻨﺪ و ﺗﺮﮐﯿﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ در رﺗﺒﻪﻫﺎي اول ﺗﺎ دﻫﻢ از ﺣﯿﺚ ﺛﺒﺖ اﺧﺘﺮاع در زﻣﯿﻨﻪ ﺟﺮاﺣﯽ را ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮد اﺧﺘﺼﺎص دادهاﻧﺪ. ﮐﺸﻮر اﯾﺮان ﻧﯿﺰ در رﺗﺒﻪ ﺑﯿﺴﺖ و ﺳﻮم ﻗﺮار دارد. ﺳﺎﯾﺮ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ از اﯾﻦ ﺣﯿﺜﺖ ﻃﺒﻖ دادهﻫﺎي اﯾﻦ ﭘﺎﯾﮕﺎه ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ روﻧﺪ ﺛﺒﺖ اﺧﺘﺮاع در ﺟﺮاﺣﯽ در ﺳﺎﻟﻬﺎي اﺧﯿﺮ ﺑﺎ اﻧﺪﮐﯽ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ روﺑﺮو ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ. ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮري ﮐﻪ در ﺳﺎل 2014 ﺑﺎ 757 ﻣﻮرد، ﺳﺎل 2015 ﺑﺎ 729 ﻣﻮرد، ﺳﺎل 2016 ﺑﺎ 716
ﻣﻮرد ، 2017 ﺑﺎ 692 ﻣﻮرد و 2018 ﺑﺎ 660 ﻣﻮرد روﻧﺪ ﮐﺎﻫﺸﯽ داﺷﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ.
ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﮔﯿـﺮي: ﺳﯿﺮ رﺷﺪ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪات ﻋﻠﻤﯽ در ﺣﻮزه ﺟﺮاﺣﯽ در دﻧﯿﺎ و ﮐﺸﻮرﻣﺎن رﺷﺪ ﻧﺴﺒﺘﺎً ﺧﻮﺑﯽ داﺷﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ وﻟﯽ از ﺣﯿﺚ ﺛﺒﺖ اﺧﺘﺮاع در اﯾﻦ ﺣﻮزه ﭼﺸﻤﮕﯿﺮ ﻧﯿﺴﺖ. ﺷﺎﯾﺪ ﯾﮑﯽ از دﻻﯾﻞ آن را ﻣﺤﺪود ﮐﺮدن ﺛﺒﺖ اﺧﺘﺮاﻋﺎت ﺑﻪ ﺟﺮاﺣﺎن داﻧﺴﺖ ﭼﺮا ﮐﻪ ﻣﻤﮑﻦ اﺳﺖ ﺟﺮاﺣﯽ در ﯾﮏ اﺧﺘﺮاع، ﻫﻤﮑﺎري و ﻧﻘﺶ داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ وﻟﯽ ﺑﻪ دﻻﯾﻠﯽ ﻧﺎم و ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت ﺳﺎزﻣﺎﻧﯽ وي ﺛﺒﺖ ﻧﺸﺪه اﺳﺖ ﯾﺎ ﺑﺴﯿﺎري از اﯾﻦ اﺧﺘﺮاﻋﺎت در ﺣﻮزه ﭘﺰﺷﮑﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻋﺎم ﺛﺒﺖ ﺷﺪه و از اﯾﻦ ﺣﯿﺚ ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺎه ﺟﺮاﺣﺎن در ﺛﺒﺖ اﺧﺘﺮاع ﺑﺎ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻮاﺟﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﻋﺪم آﺷﻨﺎﯾﯽ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺟﺮاﺣﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺷﯿﻮهﻫﺎي ﺛﺒﺖ اﺧﺘﺮاع ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﯾﮑﯽ دﯾﮕﺮ از ﻋﻠﻞ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﭼﺮا ﮐﻪ روشﻫﺎي ﺟﺮاﺣﯽ در ﻗﻮاﻧﯿﻦ اﮐﺜﺮ ﮐﺸﻮرﻫﺎ از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻣﻮارد اﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎء ﺷﺪه از اﺧﺘﺮاﻋﺎت ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺛﺒﺖ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ. وﻟﯽ ﺑﺴﯿﺎري از ﺟﺮاﺣﺎن اﻫﻤﯿﺖ ﻧﺪاده و آن را ﺛﺒﺖ ﻧﻤﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﯿﻦ دﻟﯿﻞ ﺷﺎﯾﺪ ﯾﮑﯽ از دﻻﯾﻠﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻋﺪم رﺷﺪ ﺛﺒﺖ اﺧﺘﺮاع در اﯾﻦ ﺣﻮزه را ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﻫﺴﺘﯿﻢ.
چكيده لاتين :
Introduction & Objective: Due to the growth of scientific production in recent years, this question
has always been raised in scientific circles and society, how much scientific production has led to the
elimination of the problems of society and how many of them led to the production of goods and services
and jobs in a country. In this regard, the present study has investigated the scope of surgical field patents at
the global level and Iran's position in this field in order to determine the extent of the invention from the
point of view of scientific production.
Materials & Methods: The method of this study is scientometric, using Scopus citation database
and embedded engine on it. Also, Excel software was used to draw tables and charts.
Results: The results of this study showed that the United States, Japan, the United Kingdom,
Germany, Italy, China, France, Canada, India and Turkey ranked first to tenth in terms of patents for
surgery, respectively. Iran is ranked 23rd. Other findings, according to data from this site, indicate that the
patent process has been slightly decreased in recent years. With 757 in 2014, 729 in 2015, 2016 in 716,
2017 in 692 cases, and 2018 in 660 cases.
Conclusions: The growth of scientific production in the field of surgery in the world and Iran has
grown relatively well. Perhaps one of the reasons for this is limiting patents to surgeons, since surgery may
has an inventive, cooperative, and involved role, but for some reasons its name has not been documented or
many of these inventions have been documented in general. In this regard, the status of surgeons in the
patent has declined. Understanding the surgical community with patent practices can be another cause.
Because surgical procedures are subject to the laws of most countries, including exceptions from patents.
But many surgeons do not care and do not record it, which is why one of the reasons is that there is a lack
of patent growth in this area.
