اﺳﺘﻨﺖ ﺟﺬب ﺷﻮﻧﺪه ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﻫﯿﺒﺮﯾﺪي ﺑﺮ ﭘﺎﯾﻪ آﻟﯿﺎژ ﻣﻨﯿﺰﯾﻢ و ﺑﺎ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ رﻫﺎﯾﺶ ﮐﻨﺘﺮل ﺷﺪه دارو ﺑﺮاي درﻣﺎن آﺗﺮواﺳﮑﻠﺮوز ﻋﺮوق ﮐﺮوﻧﺮي ﻗﻠﺐ

Bioresorbable Nano Hybrid Stent Based on a Magnesium Alloy and with the Capability of Controlled Drug Eluting to Treat Atherosclerosis of Heart Coronary Artery

ﺑﯿﻤﺎري ﻋﺮوق ﮐﺮوﻧﺮي ﻗﻠﺐ ﻋﻠﺖ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻧﺎﺗﻮاﻧﯽ و ﻣﺮگ و ﻣﯿﺮ در ﺟﻬﺎن اﺳﺖ. ﺑﯿﺶ از دو دﻫﻪ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻓﻦ آوري اﺳﺘﻨﺖ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ ﺷﺪه و ﮐﺎراﯾﯽ ﺧﻮد را در ﺟﻠﻮﮔﯿﺮي از اﻧﺴﺪاد و ري - اﺳﺘﻨﻮﺳﯿﺰ در ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ آﻧﮋﯾﻮﭘﻼﺳﺘﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻦ ﺑﻪ اﺛﺒﺎت رﺳﺎﻧﺪه اﺳﺖ. زﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﮐﻪ اﯾﻤﭙﻠﻨﺖ ﻓﻠﺰي داﯾﻤﯽ ﺑﮑﺎر ﻣﯽرود، اﯾﻦ ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰ ﭘﺰﺷﮑﯽ اﺛﺮاﺗﯽ ﺑﺮ دﯾﻮاره داﺧﻠﯽ رگ دارد ﮐﻪ ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ آن ﺑﻬﺒﻮد دﯾﺮ ﻫﻨﮕﺎم اﻧﺪوﺗﯿﺎل ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺑﻮد. ﺗﺄﺧﯿﺮ در ﺑﺎزﺳﺎزي آﻧﺪوﺗﻠﯿﺎل ﻣﻤﮑﻦ اﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﻣﻮﺑﻮز اﺳﺘﻨﺖ ﻣﻨﺘﻬﯽ ﺷﻮد. در ﺳﺎلﻫﺎي اﺧﯿﺮ اﺳﺘﻨﺖﻫﺎي رﻫﺎ ﮐﻨﻨﺪه دارو ﻧﻘﺶ اﻧﻘﻼﺑﯽ در درﻣﺎن ﺑﯿﻤﺎريﻫﺎي ﺷﺮﯾﺎن ﮐﺮوﻧﺮي داﺷﺘﻪاﻧﺪ. اﯾﻦ اﺳﺘﻨﺖﻫﺎ ﺑﺮاي ﮐﺎﻫﺶ دادن ﺧﻄﺮ ﺗﻨﮕﯽ ﻣﺠﺪد ﺷﺮﯾﺎن در درﻣﺎن ﺑﯿﻤﺎري ﺷﺮﯾﺎنﻫﺎي ﮐﺮوﻧﺮي اﺑﺪاع ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. اﺳﺘﻨﺖﻫﺎي رﻫﺎ ﮐﻨﻨﺪه دارو ﯾﮏ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻣﻬﻢ درﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﯿﻤﺎران ﺑﺎ ﺑﯿﻤﺎري ﻋﺮوق ﮐﺮوﻧﺮي ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ و در ﺳﺮﮐﻮب ﺗﮑﺜﯿﺮ ﺧﺎرج از ﮐﻨﺘﺮل ﻧﺌﻮاﯾﻨﺘﯿﻤﺎ در ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﺑﻪ اﺳﺘﻨﺖﮔﺬاري ﻣﻮﻓﻖ ﺑﻮدهاﻧﺪ. اﮔﺮ ﭼﻪ ﺑﻬﺒﻮد در اﺛﺮ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده اﺳﺘﻨﺖﻫﺎي رﻫﺎ ﮐﻨﻨﺪه دارو در ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻧﺮخ ﻫﺎي ري - اﺳﺘﻨﻮﺳﯿﺰ درون اﺳﺘﻨﺘﯽ در ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻨﺖﻫﺎي ﻟﺨﺖ ﻓﻠﺰي ﭘﯿﺸﺮﻓﺖ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪاي داﺷﺘﻪ وﻟﯽ اﯾﻤﻨﯽ ﻃﻮﻻﻧﯽ ﻣﺪت ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از اﯾﻦ اﺳﺘﻨﺖﻫﺎ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﮑﺎنﯾﺎﺑﯽ، واﮐﻨﺶﻫﺎي ﺣﺴﺎﺳﯿﺖزاﯾﯽ ﺑﺎﻻي ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻤﯿﮏ و ﺗﺮﻣﺒﻮز دﯾﺮ ﻫﻨﮕﺎم اﺳﺘﻨﺖ ﻫﻨﻮز وﺟﻮد دارد. وﻟﯽ ﻣﮑﺎﻧﯿﺰم اﯾﻦ ﭘﯿﭽﯿﺪﮔﯽ ﻫﻨﻮز ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻧﯿﺴﺖ. ﻟﺬا ﺑﺮاي رﻓﻊ ﻣﺸﮑﻼت ﻋﻨﻮان ﺷﺪه، دارﺑﺴﺖﻫﺎي ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺟﺬب ﺑﺮاي ﻏﻠﺒﻪ ﺑﺮ اﯾﻦ ﻣﺤﺪودﯾﺖ اﺑﺪاع ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. اﯾﻦ ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰات دارﺑﺴﺖ ﻣﻮﻗﺘﯽ را ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ ﮐﺮده و ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮور زﻣﺎن ﻧﺎﭘﺪﯾﺪ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ. اﯾﻦ دارﺑﺴﺖﻫﺎ از ﭘﻠﯿﻤﺮﻫﺎ و آﻟﯿﺎژﻫﺎي ﻓﻠﺰي ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺟﺬب در ﺑﺪن ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ. اﺳﺘﻨﺖ ﺟﺬب ﺷﻮﻧﺪه ﺑﺎﯾﺪ وﻇﯿﻔﻪاي ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮاي آن ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ را در زﻣﺎن ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺑﻪ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺑﺮﺳﺎﻧﺪ، رﻫﺎﯾﺶ ﮐﻨﺘﺮل ﺷﺪه دارو داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ و ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺪرﯾﺞ در ﺑﺪن ﺟﺬب و ﻧﺎﭘﺪﯾﺪ ﮔﺮدد. ﻣﻨﯿﺰﯾﻢ ﯾﮏ ﻣﺎده ﻣﻌﺪﻧﯽ اﺳﺎﺳﯽ ﻣﻮرد ﻧﯿﺎز ﺑﺮاي ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮدﻫﺎي ﻓﯿﺰﯾﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮑﯽ ﮔﻮﻧﺎﮔﻮن در ﺑﺪن اﻧﺴﺎن اﺳﺖ. آﻟﯿﺎژ ﻣﻨﯿﺰﯾﻢ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪه ﺑﺮاي ﺳﺎﺧﺖ اﯾﻦ دارﺑﺴﺖﻫﺎ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺟﺬب ﺑﻮده و ﻧﺴﺒﺖ اﺳﺘﺤﮑﺎم ﺑﻪ وزن آن ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ آﻟﯿﺎژﻫﺎي ﻣﺴﺘﺤﮑﻢ ﻓﻮﻻد اﺳﺖ. در ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﯾﮏ دارﺑﺴﺖ ﻣﻨﯿﺰﯾﻤﯽ اﺳﺘﺤﮑﺎم ﺷﻌﺎﻋﯽ ﻻزم را ﺑﺮاي اﺗﺴﺎع و از ﺑﯿﻦ ﺑﺮدن ﺑﺎرﯾﮏ ﺷﺪﮔﯽ آﺗﺮواﺳﮑﺮوﺗﯿﮑﯽ دارا ﺑﻮده و ﻗﺎدر ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎز ﻧﮕﻪ داﺷﺘﻦ ﻟﻮﻣﻦ ﮐﺮوﻧﺮي اﺳﺖ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﻣﻨﯿﺰﯾﻢ داراي ﺧﻮاص ﺿﺪ ﺗﺮﻣﺒﻮژﻧﯿﮏ در ﺑﺪن اﺳﺖ. در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ اﻧﻮاع اﺳﺘﻨﺖﻫﺎ، ﻣﺰاﯾﺎ و ﻣﻌﺎﯾﺐ آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺷﺪه و اﺳﺘﻨﺖﻫﺎي ﺟﺬﺑﯽ و اﺟﺰاي اﺳﺘﻨﺖ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻫﯿﺒﺮﯾﺪي ﻣﻨﯿﺰﯾﻤﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان راه ﺣﻞ ﺟﺪﯾﺪ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ.

Coronary artery disease is the cause of most disabilities and deaths in the world. It has been more than two decades since stent technology was introduced and has proved to be useful in preventing coronary thrombosis and restenosis compared to balloon angioplasty. When permanent metal implant is used, this medical device would affect internal walls of blood vessels which would result in late healing process of endothelial. Delay in reconstruction of endothelial might lead to stent thrombosis. In recent years, drug eluting stents have played a revolutionary role in treating coronary artery diseases. These stents are invented to reduce risk of artery stenosis in treating coronary artery diseases. Drug delivery stents are important medical options for patients diagnosed with coronary artery disease and have been successful in suppressing uncontrollable neo-intima proliferation in response to successful stenting. Although improvement due to using drug eluting stents have had significant progress in reducing intra-stent restenosis compared to metallic bare stents, long term safety related to using these stents including location selection, high systemic irritant and stent late thrombosis still exists. However this complexity mechanism is still unknown. Therefore in order to solve the above-mentioned problems, bioresorbable scaffolds have been innovated to overcome this limitation. This equipment provides temporary scaffolds and they disappear as time goes by. These scaffolds are made of bioresorbable polymers and metallic alloys. The absorbed stent must carry out duty it is designed for in a specific time, have drug delivery and gradually absorbs in the body and disappears. Magnesium is an essential mineral material required for different physiological functions in human body. Magnesium alloy used in making this scaffold is bioresorbable and its strength to weight is comparable to strong steels. Hence, a magnesium scaffold has required radial strength to destroy atherosclerotic narrowing and is capable of keeping lumen coronary open. Moreover magnesium has antithrombogenic properties in bodies. In this study, their advantages and disadvantages have been investigated and bioresorbable stents and magnesium nano-hybrid stents will be introduced as a new method.