بررسي فيتوشيميايي اسانس در اكوتيپ‌هاي مختلف گياه دارويي .Teucrium persicum Boiss در استان فارس

Investigating and comparing the phytochemical of essential oil of different Teucrium persicum Boiss. ecotypes in Fars province

مريم نخودي (Teucrium persicum Boiss.) يك گياه بومي ايراني متعلق به تيره نعناعيان مي‌باشد كه در درمان بيماري­هاي گوارشي استفاده مي‌شود و 12 گونه آن در ايران وجود دارد. به اين منظور، پژوهشي جهت بررسي و مقايسه تركيبات اسانس گياه Teucrium persicum در چهار منطقه جغرافيايي استان فارس در سال 1393 صورت گرفت. اين مناطق شامل داراب- گردنه بزن، منطقه كوه زيره داراب، قيركارزين و زاخارويه به‌ترتيب با 1500، 1400، 950 و 800 ارتفاع از سطح دريا بودند. ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﺑﺮداري از اﻧﺪامﻫﺎي ﻫﻮاﯾﯽ (ﮔﻞ و ﺑـﺮگ) ﮔﯿـﺎه در مرحله گلدهي اﻧﺠـﺎم ﮔﺮﻓـﺖ و در دماي اتاق ﺧﺸﮏ و اﺳﺎﻧﺲ آن ﺑﻪروش ﺗﻘﻄﯿﺮ ﺑﺎ آب ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از دﺳﺘﮕﺎه ﮐﻠﻮﻧﺠﺮ اﺳﺘﺨﺮاج ﮔﺮدﯾـﺪ. ﺟﻬـﺖ ﺷﻨﺎﺳـﺎﯾﯽ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﺎت اﺳﺎﻧﺲ از دﺳﺘﮕﺎه GC/MS اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ. در مجموع 93 تركيب در اسانس جمعيت‌هاي T. percicumشناسايي شد كه تعداد و نوع تركيب‌ها در اسانس اين جمعيت‌ها، تفاوت زيادي دارد. بيشترين تركيب اسانس متعلق به رويشگاه كوه زيره داراب (68 تركيب) شناسايي شد، در حالي كه بيشترين بازده اسانس در رويشگاه زا خارويه (0/3 درصد) مشاهده شد. رويشگاه كوه زيره داراب بالاترين درصد از آلفا پينن، بتا- پينن، ليمونن و والريانول داراي كيفيت بالايي از اسانس بوده و بهترين محل رويش براي گياه T. percicum در اين پژوهش مي­باشد. تركيب­هاي آلفا-پينن، بتا-پينن، اي كاريوفيلن و كاريو فيلن اكسيد به‌عنوان تركيبات مهم اسانس در هر چهار منطقه بودند.

Teucriumpersicum Boiss.is an Iranian endemic plant belonging to the Lamiaceae family which has traditionally been used to relieve abdominal pains, there are 12 species in Iran. The bulks aromatic plants come from wild populations whose essential oils compositions as well as their biological properties are severely affected by the geographical location Therefore, the aim of the present work is to provide more information on the variation of essential oil composition of T. persicum collected from four different geographical regions in Fars province in 2014. These areas were darab-gardanebezan, Zireh-darab, Ghir-karizin, and Zakharoyeh with, 1500, 1400, 950 and 800 meters altitudes respectively. Sampling of aerial parts (flowers and leaves) of the plant was carried out at flowering stage and dried in room temperature and the essential oil was obtained by hydro distillation using Clevenger machine.The GC / MS device was used to identify essential oils. A total of 93 combinations were identified in the essential oil of T. percicum populations, in which the number and type of compounds in the essential oils of these populations is very different. The most essential oil composition of this plant was identified in the darab-gardanebezan (68 combinations) mountain range, while the highest Essential oil yield was observed in, Zakharoyeh (0.3%). The habitat of Zireh-darab with the highest percentage of alpha pinene, beta-pinene, limonene and valerianol has high quality essential oil and is the best site for T. percicum plant in this study. Alpha-pinene, beta-pinene, E caryophylline and caryophylloin oxide were important components of essential oil in all four regions.