علم و تكنولوژي: تفاوت ها، تعامل ها، و تبعات آنها

Science and Technology: Differences, Interactions, and Implications

بين علم و تكنولوژي تمايز مفهومي مهمي وجود دارد، همچنين آنچه از آن با عنوان ’علم كاربردي‘ياد مي‌شود، از نظر معرفت‌شناختي مفهومي زائد است؛ اين مقوله در ذيل مقوله تكنولوژي مي‌گنجد. در مقالۀ حاضر دربارۀ زمينه‌هاي فلسفي خلط علم و تكنولوژي بحث مي‌كنيم و توضيح مي‌دهيم كه يكي دانستن آن دو، نه تنها يك خطاي معرفت‌شناسانه محسوب مي‌شود، بلكه نتايج و تبعات نامطلوب نظري و عملي عديده‌اي نيز به بار مي‌آورد كه تأثير خود را در كاوش‌هاي معرفتي و نيز سياست‌گذاري‌ها در حوزه علم و تكنولوژي آشكار مي‌سازد.

There is a significant conceptual difference between science and technology. Epistemologically, the so-called 'applied science' is a redundant concept; it can be included under the category of technology. In this paper we discuss, from a philosophical point of view, some of the reasons for the conflation of science and technology. We shall further argue that such a conflation is not only an epistemological mistake, it also has many undesirable conceptual and practical consequences which impact on epistemological investigations as well as policy making in the fields of science and technology. There is a significant conceptual difference between science and technology. Epistemologically, the so-called 'applied science' is a redundant concept; it can be included under the category of technology. In this paper we discuss, from a philosophical point of view, some of the reasons for the conflation of science and technology. We shall further argue that such a conflation is not only an epistemological mistake, it also has many undesirable conceptual and practical consequences which impact on epistemological investigations as well as policy making in the fields of science and technology