بررسي ضمان مقبوض به عقد مفسوخ

Property of Terminated Contract

يكي از قواعد فقهي، ضمان عين مقبوض در صورت فسخ عقد است كه به «ضمان مقبوض به عقد مفسوخ» تعبير مي‌شود. اين قاعده، در عقود قابل فسخ، خياري و جايز كاربرد دارد. سؤال اصلي تحقيق آن است كه مفاد، قلمرو، شرايط تحقق و مستندات قاعدۀ مقبوض به عقد مفسوخ چيست؟ در پاسخ به اين سؤال و تبيين قاعدۀ مذكور تاكنون تحقيقي انجام نگرفته است. تحقيق حاضر به دنبال برطرف كردن اين خلأ علمي برآمده است. مهم‌ترين يافتۀ تحقيق اين است كه ضمان مقبوض به عقد مفسوخ يكي از مصاديق قاعدۀ ضمان يد است و احكام و مقررات آن با قاعدۀ ضمان يد انطباق دارد.

One of the juridical rules is liability of taking delivery property if contract is canceled, which is interpreted as “liability of taking delivery property of terminated contract”. This rule is applicable in (revocable) optional and voidable contracts. The main question about this rule is that, “What are the contents, scope, and conditions of fulfillment and evidences of liability of taking delivery property of terminated contract?” Researchers of jurisprudence and law haven’t done any scientific research in reply to this question and clarification of the mentioned rule, so that there appears to be a scientific gap in this case. The present research is intended to remove this scientific gap to accomplish the rule of liability of taking delivery property of terminated contract and also to answer the above question with necessary studying and analysis of juridical sources and with the help of inference and library method. The most important finding of the research is that liability of taking delivery property of terminated contract is one of the referents of the principle of ḍaman al-yad (compensation for damage to property held under trust) and its rules and regulations conform to ḍaman al-yad.