درنگي در مستندات فقهي ماده 136 قانون مجازات اسلامي

Contemplation on the Jurisprudential Evidences of Article 136 of the Islamic Penal Code

ماده 136 قانون مجازات اسلامي، مقرّر نموده است: «هرگاه، كسي سه بار مرتكب يك نوع جرم موجب حدّ شود و هر بار حدّ آن جرم بر او جاري گردد، حدّ وي در مرتبه چهارم اعدام است»؛ اما در مجامع روايي شيعه، روايتي از امام هفتم (ع) معروف به «خبر يونس» آمده است كه امام ­فرموده است: «أَصْحَابُ الْكَبَائِرِ يُقتَلون فِي الثَّالِثَهِ». مضمون اين خبر كه مُبَيِّن «قاعده­اي عام» و «كبرايي كلّي» است، در تنافي با مدلول ماده فوق مي­باشد. در اين نوشتار، ابتدا بر اساس ملاكات معتبر در دانش رجال، سند روايت بررسي و حجيّت آن اثبات شده، سپس مستندات احتمالي مربوط به عناوين مجرمانه­ موضوع ماده فوق، با ضوابط اجتهادي ارزيابي شده است. در نهايت مي­توان نتيجه گرفت: اطلاق ماده مذكور، فاقد وجاهت فقهي است و تنها دو عنوان «زنا» و «سرقت» بواسطه وجود دليل خاصّ، از تحت عموم روايت يونس خارج و مصداق موضوع ماده 136 قانون مجازات اسلامي مي­باشند.

On the one hand, article 136 of the Islamic Penal Code has stipulated: “When a person commits the same crime leading to ḥadd (legal punishment) three times, and each time his legal punishment is executed upon him, his ḥadd on the fourth time is death”; on the other hand, in the Shī‘a narrative collections, in a narration from Seventh Imam (A.S.), known as “Yūnus’s Message”, it has been made clear that Imam has said: “Those who commit major sins are killed in the third time.” The content of this tradition, which forms a “general rule” and a “universal major”, contradicts the concept of the above-mentioned article. In this paper, after studying the hadith and confirming its authenticity and validity, and also by matching the content of the tradition with the provisions of this article, the author has consistently reviewed the criminal topics of article 136. In the following, the prospective documents and the following alleged reasons for each of the criminal offenses listed in this article are examined and evaluated with jurisprudential criteria. It is finally concluded that the application of the above-mentioned article is without the jurisprudential justification and only the two topics of “adultery” and “robbery” are for specific reasons out of the general narrative of Yūnus and exemplified by Article 136 of the Islamic Penal Code.