مقايسۀ سرمايۀ فرهنگي بين دو گروه زنان با سابقۀ عمل‌هاي جراحي زيبايي و بدون انجام جراحي زيبايي در شهر رشت

Comparison of Social Capital Among the Two Groups of Women with A History of Cosmetic Surgery and Without Performing Cosmetic Surgeries in Rasht

در سال‌هاي اخير پژوهشگران عرصة اجتماعي توجه زيادي به تحليل و بررسي بدن داشته‌‌اند و آن را به‌منزلۀ موضوع و هدفي براي پژوهش‌هاي زيباشناسانه مطرح كرده‌‌اند. با افزايش آگاهي مردم از استاندارهاي زيبايي، ميل به نزديك‌‌شدن به اين استانداردها زيادتر شده ‌‌است. هدف پژوهش حاضر تعيين تفاوت زنان بدون جراحي زيبايي و پس از جراحي ازنظر سرمايۀ فرهنگي و مؤلفه‌‌هاي آن است. اين مطالعه در قالب طرح پس‌‌رويدادي و به‌صورت مقطعي انجام شده است. داده‌‌هاي مطالعه از 383 نفر از زنان (191 نفر زناني كه جراحي زيبايي داشته‌اند و 192 نفر زناني كه جراحي زيبايي انجام نداده‌اند)، با سنين بالاتر از 15 ساكن شهر رشت و در ماه‌‌هاي مهر تا آذر 1395 جمع‌‌آوري شده است. براي انتخاب نمونه‌هاي لازم از بين زناني كه جراحي زيبايي انجام داده بودند، از روش نمونه‌گيري دردسترس استفاده شد. اين زنان براي انجام يا دريافت مراقبت‌هاي مرتبط با جراحي زيبايي، به كلينيك‌هاي زيبايي مراجعه كرده بودند. براي انتخاب نمونه‌ها از زنان بدون انجام جراحي زيبايي نيز از روش نمونه‌گيري دردسترس استفاده شد. ابزارهاي اندازه‌گيري عبارت بودند از: چك‌ليست ويژگي‌هاي اجتماعي - جمعيت‌شناختي و پرسش‌نامه‌هاي محقق‌ساختۀ سرمايۀفرهنگي. نتايج اين مطالعه نشان مي‌دهند تفاوت معناداري بين سطح سرمايۀ فرهنگي كل و مؤلفه‌هاي آن يعني سرمايۀ فرهنگي تجسم‌يافته، عينيت‌يافته و نهادينه‌شده وجود دارد. همچنين نارسايي در مؤلفه‌‌هاي سرمايه‌‌هاي فرهنگي، يكي از عوامل عمده در گرايش زنان به انجام جراحي‌‌هاي زيباشناختي است؛ بنابراين، لازم است در برنامه‌‌هاي مداخله‌‌اي براي تعديل و اصلاح تمايل و رفتار بيمارگونۀ زنان نسبت به جراحي‌‌هاي زيبايي، به ارتقاي سرمايه‌‌هاي فرهنگي توجه شود.

In recent years, researchers in social fields have paid a lot of attention to body analysis and have stated it as an aesthetic object. With increase in people’s awareness of beauty standards, the tendency to become closer to these standards has been increased. Interest in beauty is originated from our human nature. It is emphasized on beauty and physical attraction as a good feature because today we are in face to face interaction in our daily life. In Contemporary society, the social-cultural norms convey this message that the social acceptance and value is based on physical beauty. The feature of being beauty promote the idea that women are not complete without cosmetics. Women like to think that their natural face and body are not lovely and the cosmetics will complete them. Based on the announced statistics, Iran is one of the countries in which the most rhinoplasty cosmetic surgeries are done among the world. This was told by rhinology (nose surgens) researches of Iran and they also added that this surgery is seven times more than America. Guilan is the fifth province after Tehran, Isfahan, Fars and east Azerbayjan that contains more cosmetic surgery and the nose surgery is the most kind of that. If not considering the effects of this surgeries, we can say that many of these people became depressed because of not meeting the things they wanted and so they suffered from physical and mental problems until the years after doing surgery. The instruments such as management, paying attention to inner and outer physical form of the body for young people especially for girls, makes them keeping a clear image of personal identity and showing it to others. So the culture of the body conveys the increasing emphasis on the idea that body works as a center for human to rethink about himself. The body is a focus point to cultural and social recreation and presents power relationships and its effect on social differences and inequalities. Then, special attention and study should be done about cosmetic surgery as a social subject and the reasons of its effect including cultural capital have to be studied. The present study was done with the purpose of comparing the cultural capital factors between women with and without cosmetic surgery.