پديد آورندگان :
مشايخي، محرم دانشگاه فردوسي مشهد , زرقاني، هادي دانشگاه فردوسي مشهد , خوارزمي، اميد علي دانشگاه فردوسي مشهد
كليدواژه :
ديپلماسي , ديپلماسي شهري , كلان شهرمشهد , SWOT
چكيده فارسي :
امروزه كلان شهرها؛ در عرصه روابطِ فراملي و تعاملاتِ بين المللي و در بخش ها و نهادهاي گوناگون شهري، در حال توسعه ظرفيت ها و پتانسيل هاي دروني هستند. بنابراين در حال حاضر؛ براي ارزيابي وضعيتِ يك كلان شهر، در حوزه تعاملات و ارتباطاتِ فراملي، نيازمند شناختِ ظرفيت‌ها و تواناييهاي بخشها و نهادهاي شهري هستيم. بر اين اساس؛ از مهمترين بخش هاي ارزيابي و نمايشِ روابط فراملي شهري، نهاد شهرداري و استفاده از پتانسيلِ دانشگاه، در زمينهي افزايش تعاملاتِ بينالمللي درحوزه‌هاي فناوري اطلاعات، اقتصاد و فرهنگ است. پژوهش حاضر؛ با استفاده از روش توصيفي-تحليلي و به كارگيري مدل تحليلِ استراتژيكِ سوات، و با تاكيد بر تعاملاتِ فراملي شهرداري از طريقِ روابط فراملي دانشگاه هاي كلان شهر مشهد، در حوزه ديپلماسي شهري و تاثيرگذاري آن بر جايگاه فراملي اين كلان شهر ايراني، به بررسي وضعيتِ ديپلماسيشهري، در كلان شهر مشهد و استراتژي سازي ديپلماسيشهري در اين كلان شهر، پرداخته است. اين پژوهش؛ ضمنِ معرفي نقاط قوت، نقاط ضعف، فرصتها و تهديدهاي كلان شهر مشهد در استراتژي ديپلماسي شهري، به شرح وضعيتِ اقداماتِ دانشگاه هاي كلان شهر مشهد در زمينة تعاملات و روابط فراملي، با بررسي دو شاخصِ تعدادِ دانشجويان بين المللي و تعدادِ تفاهمات بين المللي دانشگاهي و نيز بررسي وضعيتِ اقداماتِ بخش روابط عمومي و امور بين الملل شهرداري مشهد در زمينة گسترشِ روابط فراملي و توسعه ديپلماسي شهري كلان شهر مشهد، با بررسي سه شاخصِ پيمان ها و تفاهمات همكاري شهري كلان شهر مشهد، عضويت و مَناصبِ رسمي‌كلان شهر مشهد در سازمان‌ها و مَجامعِ بين المللي و اقداماتِ اجرايي شهرداري كلانشهر مشهد، مي‌پردازد. روش گرداوري اطلاعات در اين پژوهش مبتني بر روشِ كتابخانه اي و ميداني است. عمده ترين ابزاري كه مُحَققّان در روش كتابخانهاي براي جمعآوري اطلاعات از آن استفاده كرده اند، عبارتنداز: كتابها، مقاله ها، مجله ها، نشريات، اسناد، مطبوعات، آمارنامه ها. همچنين در روش ميداني مُحَققّان، از ابزارهايي همچون پُرسشنامه، مُصاحبه، بَهره بُرده‌اند. پُرسشنامه اين پژوهش از نظرياتِ 40 متخصص و كارشناس در حوزه هاي مرتبط، استفاده كرده است. نتايج پژوهش نشان مي‌دهد كه با استفاده از مدل تحليل استراتژيك سوات، جايگاه كلانشهر مشهد در استراتژي ديپلماسي شهري؛ موقعيت محافظه كارانه WO، است كه ارتقا اين جايگاه استراتژيك ديپلماسي شهري در وضعيتِ فعلي، نيازمندِ سياست گذاري كلان شهر مشهد در جهت برطرف كردنِ نقاط ضعف داخلي با استفاده مطلوب از فرصت هاي خارجي است.
چكيده لاتين :
Introduction In a world of international communications and interactions, cities are studied as geographical regions within an atmosphere of streams built upon direct connections between cities (Najati Hosseini, 2011). In other words, cities play a significant role in the global politics, economy, and the restoration of global management. In the globalization age, cities can be introduced as key players within the frameworks of decentralization policies and interactive actions between cities and provide the means for increasing interactions in areas including information technology, economy, society, and culture (Acuto, 2012). Therefore, in today’s world, the development and progress of cities highly depend on communications and interactions between them at a transnational level. In fact, modern cities are regarded as spatial-geographical territories that enter transnational interactions and assume international roles. The subject of urban diplomacy is a tool used for studying the role of urban geographical regions in international interactions. Urban diplomacy can be defined as institutions and processes through which cities serve the purpose of demonstrating their capacities and interests in one another in relation with other actors as well as within international politics (Pluijm & Melissen, 2007). During the past few years, Mashhad metropolitan area has managed to take a bold step in the direction of growth and development at both national and international levels through progress in areas such as industry, science, tourism, etc. The backgrounds and requirements for Mashhad metropolitan area to play a role within the urban diplomacy framework is an important subject which is examined in the present study. Method The present inquiry is an applied study conducted using the descriptive-analytical method. This study seeks to provide answers to the following question: How is the position of urban diplomacy in Mashhad metropolitan area with focus on transnational actions of municipality and universities? Data were collected using library studies and by referring to valid sources, along with field observations and gathering the comments of experts through interviews and questionnaires. Results and Discussion The analysis and examination of the findings show the active role of Mashhad municipality and universities in the context of urban diplomacy development. According to the results of SWOT model, the perceivable reality is that, given the high position of Mashhad metropolitan area in Iran and the Islamic world, the activities carried out under the present conditions with regards to urban diplomacy development of this city have not been acceptable and significant. There is a need for organized planning and more scientific actions, particularly in the municipality sector and universities. Based on the findings from the IE matrix (the internal-external factor assessment matrix) the urban diplomacy in Mashhad metropolitan area is currently at a conservative position (wo). The conservative position denotes that to develop the urban diplomacy in Mashhad metropolitan area, the internal weaknesses should be mitigated using external opportunities. Conclusion Considering its exceptional capacities in religious, historical, scientific, cultural, and geo-cultural areas, Mashhad metropolitan area can play an influential role in the context of urban diplomacy and particularly, religious and scientific diplomacies, both at regional and the Islamic world levels. However, the findings of the study point to a number of challenges faced by this city along this path. According to the results of SWOT model, despite the strengths (10 strengths) of Mashhad metropolitan area in the context of urban diplomacy development, there exist multiple weaknesses as well which are subject to systemic inadequacies. Moreover, regardless of the effective roles of universities and scientific centers in Mashhad in the field of international scientific interactions during the past few years, urban diplomacy development in this city requires making use of opportunities, esp. efficient planning and policymaking in the area of municipality and universities’ transnational interactions. As a result, Mashhad metropolitan area can rely on increasing the transnational interactions of municipality and universities and making use of external opportunities to mitigate its internal weaknesses in line with urban diplomacy development
