اثر‌بخشي درمان گروهي شناخت درماني مبتني بر ذهن‌آگاهي برافسردگي و اضطراب مادران كودكان اختلال طيف اتيسم

The Effectiveness of Mind fullness-based Cognitive Group Therapy on Depression & Anxiety in Mothers of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

ﻫﺪف ﻛﻠﻲ در پژوهش حاضر، تعيين اثربخشي درمان شناختي مبتني بر ذهن ­آگاهي بر افسردگي و اضطراب مادران كودكان اختلال طيف اتيسم بود. طرح پژوهش به صورت نيمه­ آزمايشي از نوع پيش ­آزمون­ـ و پيگيري با گروه گواه بود، جامعه مورد مطالعه به روش نمونه ­گيري در دسترس و از مادران مراجعه­ كننده به خيريه اتيسم حضرت زينب اصفهان انتخاب شد كه از ميان آنها تعداد20 نفر به طور تصادفي، به دو گروه10 نفري آزمايشي و گواه تقسيم شدند. در مرحله پيش­آزمون، پس­آزمون و پيگيري يك ماهه به منظور سنجش ميزان افسردگي و اضطراب مادران وهمچنين براي گرد­آوري داده ­ها از پرسشنامه اضطراب بك و افسردگي بكII استفاده شد. گروه آزمايشي تحت درمان گروهي شناخت درماني مبتني بر ذهن ­آگاهي، طي 8 جلسه 120 دقيقه اي قرار گرفت و گروه گواه هيچ­گونه درماني دريافت نكرد. براي تجزيه و تحليل داده­ ها از تحليل كوواريانس چند متغيره استفاده شد. نتايج پژوهش نشان داد كه در مرحله پس ­آزمون وپيگيري نمره‌هاي افسردگي و اضطراب در افراد گروه آزمايشي بعد از مداخله به طور معني ­داري كاهش يافته­ است. بنابراين، نتايج اين پژوهش بر اهميت كاربرد اين مداخله دردرمان افسردگي و اضطراب مادران كودكان اختلال طيف اتيسم و ارائه افق­ هاي جديد در مداخلات باليني اين افراد تاكيد دارد.

Introduction Indeed, many notable parameters such as difficult and late diagnosis, occurrence of symptoms after a natural and normal course of growth, lack of effective treatment of autism spectrum disorder and special care which is needed by autism children, can affect the mental health of parents, and in particular mothers. In psychotherapy research, mindfulness is considered as one of the new therapies in the field of relapse prevention and an enhanced state of self-awarness thought in order to improve the depression and anxiety. Considering the existence of mood disorders and anxiety in mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder, the overall aim of this study was to determine the effectives of mindfullness-based cognitive therapy on depression and anxiety in mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder. Method: This research, which Is a quasi-experimental study, compromised of per-test, post-test and follow-up study with the control group. The sample group was selected by available sampling method from mothers referred to the Isfahan “Hazrat Zainab” autism charity. Therefore, 20 subjects were chosen randomly and assigned to two control and experimental groups (each with 10 subjects). In order to assess the severity of depression and anxiety in mothers, Beck Depression Inventory-II and Beck Anxiety Inventory were used in pre-test, post-test and one month follow-up phases. The experimental group recieved the mindfulness-based cognitive group therapy for eight 2-hours sessions each week and the control group did not receive any treatment. Analysis of MANCOVA was used to analyze the data. Results The results of the research revealed that at the post-test stage, depression and anxiety scores decreased significantly in the experimental group after the intervention. Moreover, the experimental group was followed up for one month after the treatment, which no changes were observed in the mentioned scores, compared to the post-test phase. It is worth mentioning that the conditions for the control group were almost the same and no changes were occurred. Conclusions Therefore, mindfulness-based cognitive therapy has been effective in the treatment of depression and anxiety in autistic children's mothers. The results emphasized the importance ofusing thisintervention in treating depression and anxiety in mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder and presenting new insights in clinical interventions. This research showed that using this treatment, reduce psychological problems of mothers of autistic spectrum children, such as their depression and anxiety were reduced, which ultimately lead to prominent results such as the life expectancy increase, adapting to the conditions of the child's illness, better relations with others, having more social activities and reduction of depression and anxiety problems.