آموزش جنسي غيررسمي به دختران نوجوان ازطريق توانمندسازي مادران آنها: يك كارآزمايي ميداني

Informal Sexuality Education to Adolescent Girls Through Empowering Their Mothers: A Field Trial

زمينه و هدف: آموزش مسايل جنسي يكي از نيازهاي آموزشي نوجوانان است و مادران مي توانند نقش كليدي در آموزش اين مسايل به دختران خود داشته باشند. اين مطالعه با هدف طراحي، اجرا و ارزيابي يك برنامه مهارت آموزي براي مادران با هدف آموزش مسايل جنسي به دختران نوجوان خود در شهر ماهشهر انجام شده است. روش‌كار: اين كارآزمايي ميداني از شهريور تا اسفند 1393 بر روي 140 نفر مادر داراي دختر نوجوان 12 تا 18 ساله انجام شد. براي جمع آوري داده‌هاي مورد نياز از دو پرسشنامه محقق ساخته روا و پايا شده استفاده شد. پرسشنامه اول با پرسش از دختران نوجوان مهارت هاي ارتباطي مادران را مي سنجيد و پرسشنامه دوم با پرسش از مادران سطح آگاهي و نگرش آنان درباره مسايل جنسي و مهارت هاي ارتباطي آنها را ارزيابي مي كرد. براساس نتايج حاصل از تحليل داده ها، مداخله آموزشي براي مادران به صورت سه جلسه آموزش حضوري طراحي و اجرا شد و داده هاي قبل و سه ماه بعد از مداخله با هم مقايسه گرديد. نتايج: مقايسه قبل و سه ماه بعد از مداخله نشان داد كه تفاوت معناداري در ميانگين امتيازات آگاهي و (0/01>p) و نگرش (0/01>p) مادران ايجاد شد ولي مهارت‌هاي ارتباطي تفاوت معناداري نداشت (0/37=p). نتيجه گيري: نتايج نشان داد كه مداخله آموزشي طراحي شده بر بهبود آگاهي و نگرش موثر بود، ولي ارتقاء مهارت هاي ارتباطي به عنوان عامل مهم در مهارت آموزي مادران براي آموزش مسايل جنسي به دختران خود، نياز به جلسات آموزشي پيوسته، منظم و همراه با تجربه و تمرين دارد.

Background and Aim: Sexuality education is one of the most important educational needs of adolescents, and mothers can have a key role in sex education of their daughters. This study aimed at developing, implementing and evaluating a skill-based training program for mothers for sexuality education of adolescent girls in Mahshahr, Iran. Materials and Methods: This was a field trial conducted on 140 mothers having 12- to18-yearold girls between September and March 2012. Data were collected using two reliable questionnaires developed by the investigators ─ a "Parent-Child Relationship: Mother" questionnaire for assessing the mothers’ communication skills completed by the adolescent girls, and a "Knowledge and attitude about sexuality education of adolescents" questionnaire for assessing the mothers’ knowledge and attitude about sex matters and communication, skills completed by the mothers themselves. Based on the results, an educational intervention for mothers was designed consisting of three training sessions and implemented. The mothers’ knowledge, attitude and communication scores after a period of three months were compared with the respective baseline scores. Results: Three months after the intervention, the mean scores of mothers’ knowledge and attitude about sexuality matters increased significantly (in both cases p <0.01). However, there was no statistically significant difference between the initial and final scores of mothers’ communication skills (p = 0.37). Conclusion: Based on the findings it can be concluded that the designed educational program was effective in improving the knowledge and attitudes of the mother about sexuality matters although it did not affect their communication skills. Promoting communication skills of mothers as an important factor for sexuality education of their daughters requires regular, continuous educational sessions, as well as practice and experiences.