ارزيابي كاربري اراضي شهري با رويكرد عدالت فضايي (مطالعه موردي: شهر زنجان)

The Evaluation of Urban LandUse with Spatial Justice Approach (Case Study: Zanjan City)

با رشد فزاينده شهرنشيني در جهان؛ شهرهاي كشورهاي درحال‌توسعه (ازجمله ايران)، با عدم تعادل‌هاي خدماتي و پراكنش جمعيت و رشد بي‌قواره شهري مواجه بوده‌اند؛ به‌طوري‌كه ناپايداري حاصل از آن، به شكل عدم تعادل‌هاي فضايي- اجتماعي و با نمودهايي همچون محروميت شهروندان از خدمات و تسهيلات شهري، افزايش شكاف طبقاتي و تشديد تفاوت مناطق شمال و جنوب شهر و غيره نمايان شده است. لذا با توجه به مفاهيم عدالت فضايي و اجتماعي و براي تحقق اين اهداف؛ رفع نابرابري‌هاي اجتماعي، اقتصادي، كاهش آسيب‌پذيري اقشار كم‌درآمد، توزيع بهينه خدمات و امكانات، توجه به نيازهاي اساسي شهروندان در شهرها موضوعي حياتي و اجتناب‌ناپذير مي‌باشد. كاربري اراضي شهري ازجمله مواردي است كه با كاركرد مطلوب خود از طريق پاسخگويي به نياز جمعيتي، افزايش منفعت عمومي؛ جايگاهي مهمي را در اين زمينه ايفا مي‌كند. به همين منظور اين پژوهش با بررسي و ارزيابي كاربري‌هاي شهري با رويكرد عدالت فضايي در شهر زنجان به دنبال شناسايي وضعيت موجود مي‌باشد. نوشتار حاضر ازنظر هدف با رويكردي كاربردي و ازنظر روش توصيفي- تحليلي مي‌باشد كه پس از تشريح مفاهيم با روش كتابخانه‌اي، با در نظر گرفتن دو شاخص تأثيرگذار در كاربري اراضي و با به‌كارگيري نرم‌افزار ArcGIS، در چارچوب مدل ميانگين نزديك‌ترين همسايه (RN)، آنتروپي و سرانه و سطح مطلوب، كاربري‌هاي شهري را موردبررسي و ارزيابي قرار داده است. نتايج نشان مي‌دهد كه توزيع و پراكنش و سازمان‌يابي كاربري‌هاي خدماتي در شهر زنجان به‌صورت متمركز و با عدم تعادل فضايي روبرو بوده و همراه با آشفتگي و اختلاف فاحش كمي و كيفي در مناطق سه‌گانه زنجان است.

Nowdays in the eve of third millennium, urbanism is a dominate phenomenon of humanity habitation is continued with a developing rate, but extension of urbanism is often happened with some change in the cities. In fact, urbanization is a two-dimensional phenomenon that features a wide and variety of skills and abilities for social interaction and provides individual citizens. At the same time many problems such as congestion, pollution and degradation of environmental quality and economic deprivation followed. This trend of urbanization in developing countries (including Iran), with the imbalances in services, distribution of population and urban growth faced amorphous. an‎d instability generated by these uneven growth as spatial-social imbalances manifestations of urban poverty, housing and informal employment, poor local governance and pollution has been detected. Now it is something that attracts attention more than anything. Commensurate with the increase in urban population, as appropriate to meet the needs of different services that must be them, not respond to requests for citizens. Therefore, the performance of many cities due to lack of proper allocation of land to the land required for citizens per capita and according to scientific standards on the one hand and the lack of quantitative and qualitative distribution of land uses in the city, are faced with many problems. A phenomenon in urban planning literature referred to as social justice and the spatial. As a result, according to the Urban poor growth and imbalances caused in the status quo and improve quality of urbanization, land use planning issue is raised؛ Which was very important and one of the most important tools to achieve the objectives of social, economic and physical, and the ultimate goal of creating an ecological balance and social justice in the process of urban development. Currently The Zanjan city spends a growing trend of urbanization. Increasing population causes problems including heterogeneity between the per capita standard. The imbalance in the distribution of the different applications in terms of quality (consistency, capacity, utilization of and dependence, respectively). Therefore, the first step should be to review and evaluate urban land use, land use qualitative and quantitative distribution amount identified and analyzed. an‎d then with the appropriate solutions in order to balance the distribution of land use, equitable distribution utilities and organizing the allocation of land should be taken. In this context, the present study aims to quantify the amount of per capita available land uses with per capita standard of review and evaluation. The balance and equilibrium spatial distribution pattern land uses in The Zanjan city due to qualitatively assess the spatial justice approach ،and to answer the question to what extent The Zanjan city that the current pattern of land use is consistent with the approach of spatial justice?