چكيده فارسي :
به منظور بررسي اثر اتوتتراپلوييدي در گياه بادمجان (.Solanum melongenaL)، بر قابليت باروري، تعداد روز تا تشكيل ميوه، سرعت و درصد جوانه‌زني بذر و نشاپذيري؛ آزمايشي در قالب طرح كاملاً تصادفي برروي چهار رقم كشتزار، يلدا، چاه‌بلند و پاسارگاد انجام گرفت. در آزمايشي جداگانه و در سه تكرار اندازه‌گيري درصد و سرعت جوانه‌زني در هر رقم و سطح پلوييدي انجام گرفت. بذور تتراپلوييد از گياهان اتوتتراپلوييد كه با تيمار كلشيسين به‌دست آمده بودند، تهيه شدند. براي مقايسه صفات بين سطوح مختلف پلوييدي موجود، بذرها در شرايط گلخانه‌اي در تخته پرورش نشا، كشت شده و درصد و سرعت ظهور گياهچه محاسبه گرديد. با گذر از دوره دانهالي، نشاها به گلخانه با بستر خاكي منتقل شدند. از زمان كشت بذرها در جعبه كاشت، سرعت نمو مراحل مختلف نونهالي (دو برگي شدن، چهار برگي شدن)، اندازه‌گيري شد. تعداد روز تا تشكيل ميوه، خصوصيات بذر و دانهال و سرعت نمو در مراحل دانهالي به‌طور معني‌داري در سطح احتمال 5 درصد تحت تأثير تغييرات القا‌شده در تعداد دسته‌جات كروموزومي بودند. رنگ‌آميزي دانه‌هاي گرده با استوكارمن به منظور تعيين درصد باروري آن‌ها نشان‌داد كه با افزايش سطح پلوييدي، قابليت باروري دانه‌هاي گرده در سطح احتمال 5 درصد افزايش مي‌يابد. در تلاش براي توليد گياهان تري‌پلوييد، هيچ يك از تلاقي‌هاي انجام‌شده بين دو فرم ديپلوييد و تتراپلوييد موفقيت‌آميز نبوده و ميوه‌اي تشكيل نگرديد.
چكيده لاتين :
Background and Objectives
Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) is an economically important crop with a wide range of fruit
shapes and colors. Breeding programs in eggplant focus mainly on fruit quality. Production of
commercial triploid cultivars and emission of seeds in fruits may increase acceptability by
consumer and increase fruit quality. Induced tetraploidy and cross between di and tetraploid
parental line is a conventional method used in different fruits and vegetables like watermelon.
The current study aim to find how may induced tetraploidy affect pollen grain quality, its
fertility, seed and transplant vigor in different eggplant cultivars.
Materials and Methods
Aiming to investigate autotetraploidy in four qultivars of Solanum melongena L., Keshtzar,
Yalda, Chahboland and Passargad on fertility, number of days till fruit-set, germination rate and
percentage and successful transplanting percentage, a survey was done in a completely
randomized design. Tetraploid plants were derived from seed maceration/shoot tip treatment (0.5,
1 and 2 percent of colchicine). To ensure ploidy level, chromosome counting of root tips and
flow-cytometry was done during the experiment. To quantify germination percentage and rate, 15
seeds of each cultivar in each ploidy level were placed in petri-dishes in three replications. The
seeds of each ploidy form were sown in seedling trays and after seedling period, plugs were
transplanted in field for evaluation of characteristics in different ploidy levels. Growth and
development rate of plant in seedling stage observed since seeds were cultivated. As soon as
hypocotyl appeared on the surface, they were counted. Then seedling emergence and rate were
calculated. To test viability of pollen grains, they were stained using acetocarmen. In order to
find best parental lines, 18 plants from each cultivar and in each ploidy level were cultivated in
the greenhouse condition in three replications. Then all plants were crossed competley (direct and
reciprocal). Di and tetraploid plants were tested to find out which one would be better as which
parent.
Results
Number of days till fruit-set, characteristics of seed and seedling and growth rate in seedling
stage were significantly (P≤5%) influenced by changes on levels of poloidy. Pollen grain staining
with acetocarmine for evaluation of fertility percentage in pollen grains showed that with an
increase in ploidy level, fertility may significantly increase (P≤5%). In an effort to triploid plant
production, none of the crosses between di and tetraploid plant could bear fruit.
Discussion
With the overall results, despite slower growth, can be tetraploid plant, due to improved
germination and seedling emergence, survival and reproductive capabilities, higher transplanting
success in this category of plants, induced increase in the number of chromosomal bundles can be
considered as a good way to create genetic variation and prepare parental lines with desirable
traits for use in the breeding programs.
