بررسي اثرات سرمايه اجتماعي بر توسعه روستايي مورد دهستان هاي شهرستان سنندج

Assessing the Impact of Social Capital on Rural Development The case of Sanandaj district villages

موضوع سرمايه هاي اجتماعي به عنوان يك اصل اساسي براي نيل به توسعه پايدار محسوب مي گردد. سرمايه اجتماعي؛ به عنوان شالوده و زيربناي توسعه درون زا در روستا بر شبكه‌ي روابط اجتماعي؛مشاركت و ديگر پارامترهاي سرمايه اجتماعي تاكيد دارد. تحقيق با روش توصيفي- تحليلي و همبستگي؛ به دنبال پاسخ اين سوال است كه بين سرمايه هاي اجتماعي و توسعه يافتگي روستاها ارتباط منطقي وجود دارد؟ و در صورت مثبت بودن؛ ضريب تاثير آن تاچقدر مي باشد؟.براي محاسبه پايايي و روايي از نرم افزار SPSS؛آزمونKMO؛ ميزان روايي گويه هاي تبيين كننده سرمايه اجتماعي برابر با 74/. براورد و ضريب آلفاي كرونباخ بدست آمده برابر با 77/. بوده است. سپس با استفاده از نرم افزار ايويوز به تحليل ميزان همبستگي بين سرمايه هاي اجتماعي با توسعه روستايي پرداخته شده است.يافته ها نشان مي دهد مولفه هاي سرمايه اجتماعي در دهستان هاي شهرستان سنندج از شرايط يكساني برخوردار نبوده؛ هريك در زمينه هاي خاصي از توانمندي برخوردارند. در زمينه توسعه يافتگي نشان مي دهد؛ يك دهستان برخوردار؛ 7 دهستان نيمه برخوردار و دو دهستان محروم هستند. با اين وجود نتايج همبستگي نشان داد ارتباط بين سرمايه هاي اجتماعي با توسعه روستايي برابر0.60درصد است.بدان معناست كه ارتباط منطقي بين دو مقوله مورد بررسي وجود دارد. شرط توسعه روستايي منوط به توسعه سرمايه هاي انساني بالاخص در بخش سرمايه هاي اجتماعي است.

The historical experience of rural development among developing countries has shown that the code of sustainable rural development is derived from the development of the intrinsic development; its growth is shaped by exogenous development. In order to achieve sustainable development in the provinces, various measures and strategies have been used. "Solutions to increase production; improve knowledge and technology; improve communication networks; increase income and job creation; reduce poverty and inequality; diversify the rural economy; etc. A set of these efforts to achieve sustainable development of villages (Azkia, 2008: 8). The results of such developmental models at the level of the villages of the country have shown that such a quantitative and qualitative change that should be created in the economic, social, physical and environmental well-being of the villages has not arisen. Undoubtedly, one of the reasons for the failure of many rural development programs in Iran is the lack of attention to the concept of social capital in various aspects of these programs (Akbari, 2003: 5). an‎d this hope has been created for many development experts who can be used to get rid of the backwardness of backwardness, especially at the village level (Gahsemi, 2010: 244). Social capital is one of the four types of capital that, along with natural capital, capital is generated, and human capital is considered as the four components of the wealth of nations, whose creation and preservation is one of the main goals of development. (Shrefyan, 2010: 9). The importance of social capital as the foundation and the basis for the development of the indigenous community in the village emphasizes the network of social relations, participation and other parameters of social capital. "Attention to social capital in rural communities, on the one hand, facilitates the implementation of development projects and the other side can reduce the damage to these projects (Meri, 2009: 25). The theoretical background of this concept dates back to 1980, and was first introduced by Hanifan and later by individuals such as Bourdieu Passron and Levy, and expanded by such people as Coleman Barthes Ponteem and Peretz. This concept was first generalized from sociology to political science, and then extended to other disciplines of the humanities such as psychology, economics, and geography. Functionally, "the concept of social capital is not only talked about in local and national institutions and organizations, but rather at the international level of this concept in the 1990s by the World Bank (which has a research program for it). (Wikipedia: 2007, 2). without social capital, the path to development and cultural and economic development is rugged and difficult. Therefore, social capital is considered as a basic principle for sustainable development. Governments and successful governments are considered to be able to make and develop social capital by adopting necessary policies and providing appropriate solutions in relation to society. To achieve (Akbari, 2003: 5). Today's development requires more social capital than it needs for economic, physical and human capital. Because in the absence of social capital, other sectors lose their effectiveness (Alwani, et al, 2003: 147). Kurdistan province is one of the poorest provinces. The rank of Kurdistan province is 17th in terms of social capital (Husani et al, 2010: 79). In terms of development, economic and social indicators are at the top of the country (PourAsgar et al, 2011: 22). The underdevelopment of rural areas is far more than urban areas in Kurdistan province. Despite all the constraints and problems existing in the villages, but a village in Kurdistan province, due to the institutional and cultural religious and cultural inheritance that has been inherited for many years, is a milestone in unity and a kind of social cohesion and participation in the context of villages. It seems that the existence of social capital in the villages of Kurdistan province can accelerate and improve the development of villages to a certain extent.