بررسي سازگاري تعدادي از ژنوتيپ‌هاي زيتون در شرايط آب و هوايي طارم زنجان

Evaluation of Some Olive Genotypes Adaptability under Taroum Environmental Conditions

به منظور بررسي سازگاري برخي از ژنوتيپ‌هاي بومي زيتون آزمايشي با 8 ژنوتيپ در قالب طرح بلوك‌هاي كامل تصادفي در ايستگاه تحقيقات زيتون طارم زنجان از سال 1386 لغايت 1390 به‌اجرا درآمد. درختان زيتون با فاصله 6×6 در فروردين 1386 كشت شدند. صفات مختلف رويشي و زايشي اندازه‌گيري شد. نتايج مقايسه ميانگين صفات رويشي نشان داد كه ارتفاع، عرض تاج، سطح مقطع تنه و رشد فصل جاري شاخه درختان زيتون بين ژنوتيپ‌ها داراي تفاوت معني‌دار بودند. تعداد گل‌آذين در شاخه، تعداد گل در گل‌آذين، درصد گل كامل و درصد نهايي تشكيل ميوه در بين ژنوتيپ‌ها داراي تفاوت معني‌دار بود. ژنوتيپ‌هاي T2، T3، T7 و G4 با بيش از 120 گل‌آذين در شاخه برتر از بقيه بودند. بيشترين تعداد گل در گل‌آذين در ژنوتيپ‌هاي T2، T7 و B3 مشاهده شد. وزن ميوه بين ژنوتيپ‌ها داراي تفاوت معني‌دار بود به‌طوري‌كه وزن ميوه از 2/3 تا 8/9 گرم بين ژنوتيپ‌ها متفاوت بود. ژنوتيپ G4 درشترين ميوه را داشت.بيشترين وزن گوشت به ژنوتيپ G4 تعلق داشت. عملكرد ميوه در درخت بين ژنوتيپ‌ها داراي تفاوت معني‌دار بود به‌طوري‌كه ژنوتيپ T2 بيشترين عملكرد و ژنوتيپ B1 كمترين عملكرد را داشت. درصد روغن در ماده خشك بين ژنوتيپ‌ها متفاوت بود و ژنوتيپ G4 بيش از 50 درصد روغن در ماده خشك داشت. به‌طوركلي ژنوتيپ‌هاي T2 وT7 بر اساس ميزان عملكرد بالا و درصد روغن حدود 44 درصد و ژنوتيپ G4با توجه به درشتي ميوه (بيش از 9 گرم)، عملكرد نسبتاً خوب (حدود يك تن) و ميزان روغن بالا (بيش از 52 درصد در ماده خشك)، به‌عنوان ژنوتيپ‌هاي اميد بخش معرفي مي‌شوند.

Background and Objectives Olive (Olea europaea L.) belongs to Oleaceae family. Olive fruit has been used for oil and table olive. Olive is one of the most important fruit trees around the world. Iran is one of the regions of the world with different wild olive genotypes distributed in different provinces. Olive genotypes are important genetic resources for Iran. These genotypes can be selected as promising genotypes and used in breeding programs. The objective of this study was to evaluate adaptability of 8 olive genotypes from Gorgan and Taroum. Materials and Methods This experiment was conducted to evaluate adaptation ability of 8 olive genotypes in Tarrom olive research station during 2007- 2011. Trees were planted under a complete randomized block design with a 6 × 6 distance. Vegetative and reproductive characters of olive trees were measured. The collected data were analyzed with MSTATC and the means were compared with Duncan's multiple test. Results Vegetative results showed that tree height, wide, shoot season growth and trunk cross sectional areas were significantly different at 1% between olive genotypes in Tarrom olive station. Inflorescence number per shoot, flower number per inflorescence, perfect flower percent, and final fruit set were significantly different at 1% statistical level. Fruit weight was significant between olive genotypes and it varied between 2.3 and 9.8g. G4 genotype had the biggest fruit and flesh weight. Fruit yields were significant between genotypes so that T2 and B1 had the highest and lowest yields respectively. The oil percent in dry matter was significantly different between genotypes. All genotypes had higher than 40% oil in dry matter. The highest oil percentage (52%) was recorded in G4 genotype. Generally, G4 olive genotype could be a promising genotype due to the large fruit (more than 9 grams), relatively high yield (about one ton) and high oil content (more than 52% of the dry matter). Discussion Wild olive genotypes are very important gene pole for any purposes in each county. Iran has different wild olive genotypes in different regions like Golestan, Gilan, Kerman, Kermanshah, Ilam and so on. Identification and evaluation of adaptability of local olive genotypes are very important for new olive cultivar selection and breeding programs. As mentioned above, the evaluated olive genotypes show different responses in Taroum olive research station. Different vegetative and reproductive characteristics were recorded on evaluated olive genotypes. Generally, results showed that G4 olive genotype was superior based on fruit traits, oil and yield.