پديد آورندگان :
تقي پور، شيرين دانشگاه لرستان - دانشكده كشاورزي - گروه علوم باغباني , احتشام نيا، عبداله دانشگاه لرستان - دانشكده كشاورزي - گروه علوم باغباني , موميوند، حسن دانشگاه لرستان - دانشكده كشاورزي - گروه علوم باغباني , خداياري، حامد دانشگاه لرستان - دانشكده علوم پايه - گروه زيست شناسي
كليدواژه :
تجزيه به مولفه‌هاي اصلي , تجزيه خوشه‌اي , تنوع ژنتيكي , ضريب همبستگي
چكيده فارسي :
گل داوودي از مهم‌ترين گياهان زينتي است كه علاوه بر گل بريدني، به‌عنوان گياه باغچه‌اي، گلداني و دارويي در عرصه جهاني به‌شمار مي‌رود. كاربردهاي متعدد اين گل در زندگي امروزي نياز به يك برنامه اصلاحي براي افزايش توليد را سبب شده است. تنوع ژنتيكي 15 رقم داوودي باغچه‌اي در سال 1395 بر اساس صفات ريخت‌شناختي و انتخاب ارقام مناسب جهت كاشت در زيبايي فضاي سبز، ميادين و پارك‌ها در قالب طرح بلوك‌هاي كامل تصادفي در بيرانشهر، استان لرستان ارزيابي گرديد. بر اساس تجزيه واريانس داده‌ها اكثر صفات مورد بررسي در ارقام داراي تفاوت معني‌دار (0/01 ≥p) بودند. نتايج ضريب همبستگي نشان داد كه بين سطح برگ با عرض برگ، قطر دمبرگ و تعداد برگ همبستگي مثبت و معني‌داري در سطح احتمال يك درصد وجود دارد. بيشترين همبستگي مثبت و معني‌دار (0/99=r) بين تعداد گل در بوته و تعداد گلچه‌هاي زبانه‌اي وجود داشت. نتايج تجزيه به عامل‌ها توانست هفت عامل را شناسايي كند كه 89 درصد تغييرات ميان صفات را توجيه نموند. تجزيه خوشه‌اي ارقام در فاصله اقليدسي 26/68، به دو گروه اصلي تقسيم‌بندي شدند. بر اساس نتايج در بين صفات مورد مطالعه اندازه برگ، تعداد گلچه‌زبانه، ارتفاع شاخه، تعداد انشعاب و تعداد گل در بوته مهم‌ترين صفات براي تشخيص تنوع ارقام داوودي بودند. با بكارگيري برخي از ارقام متعلق به كلاستر اول با ارتفاع كمتر و ارقام موجود در كلاستر دوم با تعداد برگ و گل بيشتر به‌عنوان والد مي‌توان چرخه جديدي از به‌نژادي گل داوودي را آغاز نمود.
چكيده لاتين :
Background and Objectives
Chrysanthemum, due to numerous applications in floriculture and medicinal industries has been considered one of the most important ornamental plants and medicinal plants in the global area. In addition to being used as a cut flower, it also has a special place among potted flowers and gardens. Also, it is used as a medicinal plant with strong healing properties in traditional Chinese medicine and considered to treat eye diseases, headaches, colds, and etc. However, only a few reports have been presented in the field of genetic diversity of Chrysanthemums by morphological and molecular markers. Therefore, there is a need for further identification of germplasm and cultivars of Chrysanthemums in Iran. This study aimed to assess the genetic diversity of 15 cultivars of Chrysanthemums based on morphological characteristics and selection of cultivar adapted to Khorramabad region.
Materials and Methods
This experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design with three replications in the area of Beiran-Shahr, Lorestan province in 2017. Twenty-one morphological characteristics were determined from fresh materials. These traits in accordance with the given instructions describing World UPOV Chrysanthemums, were measured. Quantitative measurements were carried out on 10 leaves per cultivars. Some variables including diameter (branches, petioles, discs, buds and flowers) were measured by digital caliper. The traits such as length and width of leaf, plant height, length and width of the tab florets with ruler were measured.
Results
Based on data analysis most of the traits in cultivars showed significant differences (p≤0.01). Results showed that the correlation between leaf area with leaf width, petiole diameter and number of leaves has a positive and significant correlation with the probability level of 5%. The most significant and negative correlation (r = 0.99) was observed between number of flowers per plant and number of florets. Based on the results obtained from principal components analysis, seven independent and major components with Eigen values greater than one could explain 89 percent of the total variation. The first component, verified 24.4 percent of the total variation. Cluster analysis of cultivars in Euclidean distance of 26.68, was categorized into two main groups. The cultivars "Avadis" and "Norooz3" in the first group were distinguished from the rest of the cultivars with the lowest height. The "Fariba"; "Ashraf" and "Andiea" cultivars were placed in the group and most abundant cultivars.
Discussion
Based on the results, leaf size, plant height, number of branches and number of flowers in plant traits were most important in recognizing the diversity of cultivars Chrysanthemum. By using some cultivars belonging to the first cluster with less height and cultivars in the second cluster with more leaves and flowers as a parent, a new cycle of Chrysanthemum breeding program can be initiated.
