كليدواژه :
ﺗﺼﺎوﯾﺮ ﻣﺎﻫﻮارهاي , ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺟﺮﯾﺎن ﮐﻤﯿﻨﻪ , ﻓﯿﻠﺘﺮﻫﺎي رﻗﻮﻣﯽ , ﮐﺎرﺑﺮي ﻣﺮﺗﻊ , ﮐﺎرﺑﺮي ﮐﺸﺎورزي
چكيده فارسي :
ﺳﺎﺑﻘﻪ و ﻫﺪف: ﺟﺮﯾﺎنﻫﺎي ﮐﻢ از ﻣﻬﻢ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎي ﻫﯿﺪروﻟﻮژﯾﮑﯽ ﻣﻮرد ﻧﯿﺎز ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﮐﻤﯽ و ﮐﯿﻔﯽ ﺣﻮﺿﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻮده و ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﻬﻤﯽ در ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﺑﻬﯿﻨﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ آب دارﻧﺪ .ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺘﻌﺪدي در ﻣﯿﺰان ﺟﺮﯾﺎن ﮐﻤﯿﻨﻪ و روﻧﺪ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات آن ﻧﻘﺶ دارﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ آن ﻫﺎ ﻣﯽﺗﻮان ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮي اراﺿﯽ و ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ اﺷﺎره ﻧﻤﻮد ﮐﻪ ﻣﺘﺄﺛﺮ از دﺧﺎﻟﺖ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ و ﻏﯿﺮﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ اﻧﺴﺎن در ﻃﺒﯿﻌﺖ اﺳﺖ. اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺟﺮﯾﺎن ﮐﻤﯿﻨﻪ، در ﯾﮏ ﺣﻮزه آﺑﺨﯿﺰ ﺑﺮاي ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖﻫﺎي ﮔﺴﺘﺮدهاي از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ رﯾﺰي زﻣﺎن ﻫﺎي ﮐﻢ آﺑﯽ و ﺧﺸﮏﺳﺎﻟﯽ، ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ وﺿﻌﯿﺖ اﮐﻮﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ، ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪرﯾﺰي ﻧﯿﺎزﻣﻨﺪيﻫﺎي آب ﺷﺮب، ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ آﻟﻮدﮔﯽ آب رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ، ﻃﺮحﻫﺎي ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ اﻧﺮژي اﻟﮑﺘﺮﯾﮑﯽ و در زﻣﯿﻨﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت زﯾﺴﺖ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻗﺮار ﻣﯽﮔﯿﺮد. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﮕﺮان در ﺳﺮاﺳﺮ دﻧﯿﺎ ﺑﯿﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮي ﻫﺎ ﺑﺮ ﺟﺮﯾﺎن ﭘﺎﯾﻪ اﺳﺖ .ﻫﺪف از اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻧﻘﺶ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮي اراﺿﯽ ﺑﺮ ﺗﻌﺪادي از ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎي ﺟﺮﯾﺎن ﮐﻤﯿﻨﻪ در ﺣﻮزه آﺑﺨﯿﺰ ﻃﺎﻟﻘﺎن اﺳﺖ.
ﻣﻮاد و روش ﻫﺎ: در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻋﮑﺲ هاي هوايي سال 1394 به مقياس 1/20000 و تصاويرماهواره اي TM و ETM سال هاي 1366 ، 1381 ، نقشه كاربري اراضي در چهار سطح كاربري مرتع ، ﮐﺸﺖ دﯾﻢ، ﮐﺸﺖ آﺑﯽ و ﺑﯿﺮون زدﮔﯽ ﺳﻨﮕﯽ ﺗﻬﯿﻪ و ﺳﭙﺲ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺖ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮي ﻫﺎ در ﻣﺤﯿﻂ رﻗﻮﻣﯽ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺷﺪ .ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺟﺮﯾﺎن ﭘﺎﯾﻪ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از داده ﻫﺎي روزاﻧﻪ ﺟﺮﯾﺎن و ﭘﺲ از ﭘﺎﻻﯾﺶ و بازسازي آماري ، توسط نرم افزار 2012، HydroOffice به روش فيلتر رقومي برگشتي تك پارامتره استخراج شد. سپس روند تغيير شاخص هاي جريان كميته با تغيير مساحت كاربري ها در مورد مظالعه مورد بررسي قرار گرفت .
ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ: ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد، روﻧﺪ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎي ﮐﻤﯿﻨﻪ، شامل جريان هاي حداقل با تداوم هاي 3- 7- 15 - 30 و 60 روزه و شاخص هاي جريان پايه در دوره اول بررسي يك روند افزايشي با شيب تند را تجربه كرده است . اين روند در دوره دوم طي سال هاي 1349 الي 1366 نيز يك روند افزايشي ولي با شيب كم را نشان مي دهد . در مقطع زماني 1366- تا 1381 نيز يك روندرافزايشي همه شاخص ها از اعم شاخص جريان پايه و ساير شاخص هاي كميته روند كاهشي را تجربه كرده اند . افزايش سطح پوشش مرتع در سال منطبق با روند افزايش ي شاخص ها در دوره مظالعه است .
ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﮔﯿﺮي: در ﺟﻤﻊ ﺑﻨﺪي ﮐﻠﯽ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ، ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات ﮐﺎرﺑﺮي اراﺿﯽ ﻧﺎﺷﯽ از دﺧﺎﻟﺖ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ و ﻏﯿﺮﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ اﻧﺴﺎن ﺑﺮ روي روﻧﺪ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻫﺎي ﺟﺮﯾﺎن ﮐﻤﯿﻨﻪ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ دارد .ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﺗﻄﺎﺑﻖ روﻧﺪ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات ﺟﺮﯾﺎن ﭘﺎﯾﻪ و ﺟﺮﯾﺎن ﻫﺎي ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﺳﺎﻻﻧﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺪاومﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ، ﻧﺸﺎن دﻫﻨﺪه اﯾﻦ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ روﻧﺪ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﮔﺎم ﻫﺎي زﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﺟﺮﯾﺎن ﻫﺎي ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﭘﯿﺪا ﻧﻤﯽ كند ﺑﺎ اﻧﻄﺒﺎق روند اﻓﺰاﯾﺸﯽ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻣﺮﺗﻌﯽ در ﺳﺎل 81 نسبت به سال 49 منطبق با اﻓﺰاﯾﺸﯽ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ روﻧﻫﺎي ﮐﻤﯿﻨﻪ، ﻧﺸﺎندﻫﻨﺪه ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮي ﻣﺮﺗﻊ در اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎي ﮐﻤﯿﻨﻪ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ، ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ از ﮐﺎرﺑﺮيﻫﺎي ﻣﺮﺗﻌﯽ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺎﻣﯿﻦ ﺗﺪاوم ﺟﺮﯾﺎن در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، ﻻزم و ﺿﺮوري اﺳﺖ.
چكيده لاتين :
Background and Objectives: Low flows are the most important parameters for the qualitative and quantitative hydrological analysis of the catchments and have a significant role in the planning and water resource management. Several factors are involved in low flow trend, including, land use and vegetation that directly and indirectly affected by the interference of humans. Low flow data, within a watershed is used for a wide range of activities including: drought planning, investigation of ecosystem status, planning water demand, water pollution issues, development projects in the field of power generation and environmental studies. Low flows from various aspects have been investigated. Some of these cases can be pointed to research Riggs (1990), Warner (2003) and McMahon and Nathan (1991). They were used a linear correlation and multivariate regression methods to estimate low flows. For prediction and investigation of the effect of land cover variation on flow parameters, several studies have been done, including research of Zhao (2010) and Wei and Zhang (2010). The impact of land use and climate change on the hydrology of Alabama coastal basins by Ruoyu et al. was evaluated by hydrological modeling. Direct and indirect effects of human in land use changing and its role on water resources have studied by some researcher. Including: Kashaigili (2008) and Delgado et al. (2010) the aim of this study was to investigate the role of land use change on a number of low flow indices in Taleghan catchment.
Materials and Methods: In this research, by using topographical maps with the scale of 1:250000 and 1:50000 and Positioning the Galinak gauging stations in Taleghan river, the study area was Determined. Then using aerial photographs with the scale of 1:20000 and TM and ETM satellite images of 1366 and 1381, land use map in the four-level of rangeland, dry land farming, irrigated and rock outcrop were prepared. Then land use change was calculated. Base flow index using daily data and based on, one parameter recursive digital filter algorithm were extracted by HydroOffice, 2012. Low flow indices with 3, 7, 15, 30 and 60 days duration using daily data were extracted. Then relationship between low flow indices and land use in the period of study were investigated. In this research, land use changes in the basin using the interpretation of aerial photographs and satellite imagery in three intervals of the years 1349, 1366 and 1381 were investigated. Base flow index using daily data and one parameter recursive digital filter algorithm were extracted. Low flow indices with 3, 7, 15, 30 and 60 days duration using daily data were extracted. Then relationship between low flow indices and land use in the period of study were investigated.
Results: The results showed that all of the low flow indices in the first period of study have experienced a steep upward trend. This trend in the second period during the years 1349 to 1366 also shows an increasing trend but with little slope. In the period 1366- 1381 all indices, including base flow index and other low flow indices a minimal decline have experienced. Increasing rangeland coverage of 81 with respect to 49 was in accordance with the increasing of indices in the period studied.
Conclusion: Land use Changes due to direct and indirect human intervention has a direct impact on the trend of low flow indices.Conformity of vegetation cover trend in 49 to 81 years with trend of low flow indices, indicating a positive role of rangeland on increasing the low flow indices. So rangeland protection to ensure, base flow continuity in the research area, is essential.
