ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﻓﻨﯽ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي آﺑﯿﺎري ﺑﺎراﻧﯽ اﺟﺮا ﺷﺪه در ﺑﺮﺧﯽ از دﺷﺖ ﻫﺎي اﺳﺘﺎن ﻓﺎرس

Technical evaluation sprinkler irrigation system implemented in some of the fields in Fars province

ﺳﺎﺑﻘﻪ و ﻫﺪف: ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎي آﺑﯿﺎري ﺑﺎراﻧﯽ و ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﺻﺤﯿﺢ آنﻫﺎ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﮐﻤﮏ زﯾﺎدي در ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ و ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد اﯾﻦ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ و در ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ راﻧﺪﻣﺎن در ﺑﺨﺶ ﮐﺸﺎورزي ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺪ . ﻣﻮاد و روش ﻫﺎ: در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎي آﺑﯿﺎري ﺑﺎراﻧﯽ ﮐﻼﺳﯿﮏ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ( ﭼﻬﺎر ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ) و آﺑﻔﺸﺎن ﻏﻠﻄﺎن( ﯾﮏ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ) اﺟﺮا ﺷﺪه در ﭘﻨﺞ ﻣﺰرﻋﻪ در ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن هاي مختلف استان فارس در سال 1394 مورد ارزيابي قرار گرفت . براي اين سيستم ها ، معيارهاي ضريب يكنواختي ( CU ) ، يكنواختي توزيع ( DU ) ، راندمان واقعي ( AELQ ) و پتانسيل كاربرد ( PELQ ) در ربع پايين اراضي در بلوك آزمايشي محاسبه و با استفاده از تغييرات فشار اندازه گيري شده به كل سيستم تعميم داده شد. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ: ﺑﯿﺶ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﺿﺮﯾﺐ ﯾﮑﻨﻮاﺧﺘﯽ و ﯾﮑﻨﻮاﺧﺘﯽ ﺗﻮزﯾﻊ ﮐﻞ در ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎي داراب، ارﺳﻨﺠﺎن و سروستان بود كه مقادير ضريب يكنواختي به ترتيب 80/78 ، 69/56، 68/21 درصد بودند و اين مقادير بيانگر توزيع نرمال داده ها و قرينه بودن اندازه گيري نسبت به ميانگين بود و مقادير يكنواختي توزيع به ترتيب 66/12 ، 55/4 و 53 درصد بودند. ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﮔﯿﺮي: ﻓﺮوﻧﺸﺖ ﻋﻤﻘﯽ، ﻗﺪﯾﻤﯽ ﺑﻮدن ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ، ﮐﻤﺒﻮد ﻓﺸﺎر و ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات ﻓﺸﺎر و دﺑﯽ آﺑﭙﺎشﻫﺎ از ﻋﻠﻞ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﯾﮑﻨﻮاﺧﺘﯽ ﺗﻮزﯾﻊ در ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﺑﻮد .ﯾﮑﺴﺎن ﺷﺪن راﻧﺪﻣﺎن ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﯿﻞ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد در رﺑﻊ ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ و راﻧﺪﻣﺎن ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد واﻗﻌﯽ در ﺗﻤﺎم ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي آﺑﯿﺎري، ﺑﯿﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﺗﺎﻣﯿﻦ آب آﺑﯿﺎري ﮐﻢ ﺗﺮ از ﻧﯿﺎز ﮔﯿﺎه ﺑﻮد .ﻣﻘﺎدﯾﺮ ﮐﻢ ﯾﮑﻨﻮاﺧﺘﯽ ﺗﻮزﯾﻊ ﻧﺸﺎن دﻫﻨﺪه ﺗﻠﻔﺎت آب ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻓﺮوﻧﺸﺖ ﻋﻤﻘﯽ ﺑﻮد و ﻗﺪﯾﻤﯽ ﺑﻮدن ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻧﯿﺰ ﻣﺰﯾﺪ ﺑﺮ ﻋﻠﺖ ﺷﺪ.

Background and Objectives: Precision in designing and correct managements on sprinkler irrigation systems can help to improve and develop of these systems and cause efficiency raising in agriculture. Materials and Methods: In this research, constant classic sprinkle irrigation systems (four systems) and one wheel move sprinkle system were evaluated and compared (in 2015). To evaluate of irrigation systems, Christiansen’s uniformity coefficient (CU), distribution uniformity (DU), application efficiency of low-quarter (AELQ) and potential application efficiency of low quarter (PELQ) were calculated in the experimental plots and adjusted with pressure changes for the whole system. Results: The maximum an uniformity coefficient and distribution uniformity in all the systems were in Darab, Arsenjan and Sarvestan counties and they were 80.78, 69.56 and 68.21 percent for uniformity coefficient, respectively. These values showed normal distribution of data and symmetry measurements than the average and the distribution uniformities were 66.12, 55.4 and 53 percent, respectively. Conclusion: The reason of low distribution uniformity in systems was water losses for deep percolation, outdated system, pressure loss and pressure and discharge variations of sprinklers. Homogenization of application efficiency potential of low quarter and the actual application efficiency in all evaluated irrigation systems were showed supply water less than plants water requirement. These values were low that showed water losses because of deep percolation and outdated systems.