كليدواژه :
تاﻻب رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ اي , ﺳﯿﻼﺑﺪﺷﺖ , ﻣﺮﻓﻮﻟﻮژي رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ , ﻣﮑﺎن ﯾﺎﺑﯽ , ﻫﯿﺪروﻟﯿﮏ ﺟﺮﯾﺎن
چكيده فارسي :
ﺳﺎﺑﻘﻪ و ﻫﺪف: ﺗﺎﻻب ﻫﺎي رودﺧﺎﻧﻪاي ﻣﺤﯿﻂﻫﺎي آﺑﯽ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ در اراﺿﯽ ﭘﺴﺖ ﺣﺎﺷﯿﻪ رودﺧﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ واﻗﻊ ﺷﺪه و در ﻣﻮاﻗﻊ ﺳﯿﻼﺑﯽ از آب ﭘﺮ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ و ﯾﺎ اﯾﻦ ﮐﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺳﻔﺮه آب زﯾﺮزﻣﯿﻨﯽ ﺗﻐﺬﯾﻪ ﻣﯽﮔﺮدﻧﺪ .ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ و ﻣﮑﺎن ﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﺴﺘﻌﺪ ﺗﺎﻻب ﺑﺎﯾﺪ وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎي ﻫﯿﺪروﻟﻮژﯾﮑﯽ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻓﯿﺰﯾﻮﮔﺮاﻓﯽ ﺣﻮزه آﺑﺨﯿﺰ، ﺣﺠﻢ و ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات زﻣﺎﻧﯽ (ﻓﺼﻠﯽ ) آﺑﺪﻫﯽ رودﺧﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ و ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات ﺳﻄﺢ آب زﯾﺮزﻣﯿﻨﯽ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺷﻮد .اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ روزاﻓﺰون ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺖ و ﻧﯿﺎز ﻣﺒﺮم ﺑﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ، اﺣﯿﺎء و ﮔﺴﺘﺮش ﻣﺤﯿﻂﻫﺎي ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ و ﺑﺎ ارزش ﭼﻮن ﺗﺎﻻبﻫﺎ، ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺄﻣﯿﻦ ﻧﯿﺎزﻫﺎي زﯾﺴﺖ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ ﺑﺸﺮ در راﺳﺘﺎي ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﭘﺎﯾﺪار آن ﺑﻪ ﺷﺪت اﺣﺴﺎس ﻣﯽﺷﻮد .ﻫﺪف اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺑﻬﺮهﻣﻨﺪي از ﻇﺮﻓﯿﺖ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻮﺟﻮد ﺑﯿﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮑﯽ رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ در راﺳﺘﺎي اﺣﯿﺎي ﺗﺎﻻبﻫﺎي رودﺧﺎﻧﻪاي ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺗﺎ از اﯾﻦ ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﺑﺘﻮان در راﺳﺘﺎي ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﺑﯿﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮑﯽ و اﮐﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮑﯽ ﺗﺎﻻب ﻫﺎي كشور گام برداشت.
ﻮاد و روش ﻫﺎ: در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﺗﺠﻦ واﻗﻊ در ﻣﺤﺪوده ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﺳﺮﺧﺲ از ﻟﺤﺎظ وﺟﻮد آﺛﺎر ﭘﻮﺷﺶ درﺧﺘﯽ در ﮐﻨﺎر ﺑﺴﺘﺮ رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ، وﺟﻮد ﻇﺮﻓﯿﺖﻫﺎي وﯾﮋه ﻃﺒﯿﻌﺖﮔﺮدي، ﻇﺮﻓﯿﺖﻫﺎي وﯾﮋه ﭘﺮﻧﺪهﻧﮕﺮي، ﻣﺮﻓﻮﻟﻮژي ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ، ﺳﯿﻞﮔﯿﺮي اراﺿﯽ ﺳﯿﻼﺑﺪﺷﺘﯽ ﺣﺎﺷﯿﻪ رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ، ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﯿﻞ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﻣﮑﺎنﯾﺎﺑﯽ اﯾﺠﺎد ﺗﺎﻻب ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ .اﯾﺠﺎد ﺗﺎﻻب در رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﺗﺠﻦ ﺑﺎ ذﺧﯿﺮهﺳﺎزي ﺑﺎرشﻫﺎي ﺟﻮي و رواﻧﺎبﻫﺎي ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از آن ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﻬﻤﯽ در ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺳﯿﻼبﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺮب دارد .ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ ﻫﻤﻪ ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪﻫﺎي ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮﮔﺬار در ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﺣﺮﯾﻢ ﻣﺤﺪوده ﺗﺎﻻب ﭘﯿﺸﻨﻬﺎدي ﺷﺎﻣﻞ وﯾﮋﮔﯽ ﻫﺎي زﻣﯿﻦ رﯾﺨﺖﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ و زﻣﯿﻦﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ، ﻫﯿﺪروﻟﻮژﯾﮑﯽ، ﻫﯿﺪرودﯾﻨﺎﻣﯿﮑﯽ، اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي، اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ و ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪاي ﺣﻮزه آﺑﺨﯿﺰ رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﺗﺠﻦ ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ .در ﺑﺎزدﯾﺪ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه از ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﺣﺎﮐﻢ از ﻟﺤﺎظ ﺗﻨﻮع زﯾﺴﺘﯽ، ﮔﻮﻧﻪاي، اﮐﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮑﯽ، ﻫﯿﺪروﻟﻮژﯾﮑﯽ و ﻫﯿﺪروﻟﯿﮑﯽ، ﭼﻬﺎر ﻣﻮﻗﻌﯿﺖ ﻣﮑﺎﻧﯽ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ اﯾﺠﺎد ﺗﺎﻻبﻫﺎي رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ اي در درون ﺣﻮزه آﺑﺨﯿﺰ ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ .ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﯿﺎت رﯾﺨﺖﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ و ﻫﯿﺪروﻟﯿﮑﯽ آن، ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﻋﺮﺿﯽ ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﻫﺮ ﯾﮏ از اﯾﻦ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﯿﺖﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ دﻗﺖ ﭘﯿﻤﺎﯾﺶ و اﻧﺪازه ﮔﯿﺮي شده است.
ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ: ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ در دو ﻣﻮﻗﻌﯿﺖ از ﭼﻬﺎر ﻣﻮﻗﻌﯿﺖ ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﮐﻪ در ﻣﺤﺪوده ﺟﻨﮕﻞ ﺟﻬﺎن ﺑﺎﻧﯽ ﺳﺮﺧﺲ ﻗﺮار دارﻧﺪ ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﻫﯿﺪروﻟﯿﮏ ﺟﺮﯾﺎن و رﯾﺨﺖﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ، ﺑﻪ دﻟﯿﻞ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﮐﻢ ﺟﺮﯾﺎن آب و عريض بودن رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ در اﯾﻦ ﺑﺎزه ﻫﺎ، ﻣﯽﺗﻮان ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺎت اﺣﯿﺎء ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ و ﺗﺎﻻب را اﺟﺮاﯾﯽ ﻧﻤﻮد .ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ آﺑﺪﻫﯽ ﻣﺎﻫﺎﻧﻪ در ﭼﻨﺪﯾﻦ ﺳﺎل اﺧﯿﺮ در اﯾﺴﺘﮕﺎه ﻫﯿﺪروﻣﺘﺮي ﭘﻞ ﺧﺎﺗﻮن- كشف رود نشان مي دهد آبدهي رودخانه تجن به ويژه در ماه هاي گرم سال ﺻﻔﺮ و ﯾﺎ ﻧﺰدﯾﮏ ﺻﻔﺮ اﺳﺖ؛ ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺄﻣﯿﻦ آب تالاب پيشنهادي ، بيشتر بايد به سيلاب ها و آورد ساليانه زير حوزه هاي بالا دست و حجم سيلاب آن ها تكيه كرد.
ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﮔﯿﺮي: ﻣﯿﺰان آورد ﺳﺎﻟﯿﺎﻧﻪ رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ در ﻣﺤﻞ ﯾﮑﯽ از ﺗﺎﻻبﻫﺎي ﭘﯿﺸﻨﻬﺎدي ﻣﺤﺪوده ﺟﻨﮕﻞ ﺟﻬﺎن باني 125/9 ميليو ن ﻣﺘﺮﻣﮑﻌﺐ ﺑﺮآورد ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ .اﯾﻦ ﺳﺎﯾﺖ از ﻧﻈﺮ اﮐﻮﺗﻮرﯾﺴﻢ و وﺟﻮد ﺗﻨﻮع ﺑﺎﻻي ﭘﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎن در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ ﻫﺎي ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮي در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ از ﺟﻬﺎت ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﻮرد ﺑﻬﺮه ﺑﺮداري ﻗﺮار ﮔﯿﺮد.
چكيده لاتين :
Background and Objectives: Riverine wetlands are waterbodies that are located at lowlands alongside rivers and are inundated during floods or recharged by aquifers. In order to identify and locate suitable sites for wetlands, the hydrological properties including watershed physiography, river discharge and its temporal (seasonal) variation as well as groundwater table fluctuation should be studied. Continued population growth and urgent need to conservation, rehabilitation and expansion of natural and valuable environments such as wetlands which support environmental services required by human should be strongly considered for sustainable development. The aim of this study is to assess utilization of biological capacity of rivers to restore the riverine wetlands in order to improve the biological and ecological conditions of the country’s wetlands.
Materials and Methods: In this research, the potential of Tajan River within the Sarakhs county, was identified considering presence of the streamside tree cover, specific ecotourism capacity, specific bird watching capacity, appropriate morphology of the river and inundation characteristics of floodplains. Creation of riverine wetlands alongside the Tajan River can play an important role in flood mitigation through storing of precipitation induced surface runoff. To this end, all factors affecting on delineation of proposed wetlands boundaries including geomorphological and geological, hydrologic, hydrodynamic, economic, social and developmental characteristics of the Tajan watershed were investigated. During field survey from the study area, on the basis of predominant condition from biodiversity, species, ecological, hydrologic and hydraulic point of view, four sites were determined as suitable for riverine wetlands within the watershed. Then, the cross-section of each of these sites have been surveyed and measured in detail in order to assess their morphological and hydraulic characteristics.
Results: On the basis of flow Hydraulics and river morphology studies, two out of the four selected sites which are located within the Sarakhs’ Jahanbani Forest, due to low velocity of flow and high width of river in these river reaches were assessed as suitable for implementation of vegetation and wetlands restoration measures. Analysis of monthly discharge data of Polekhatoon- Kashafrud hygrometry station in recent years, indicates that the Tajan river flow is nil or negligible during warm months. Therefore, to supply water for the suggested wetlands, it should be relied upon floods and annual discharges from their upstream sub watersheds.
Conclusion: The annual discharge of the Tajan river at one of the suggested sites for the riverine wetlands within the Sarakhs’ Jahanbani Forest was estimated about 125.9 MCM. This site due to its high potential for tourism and high diversity of birds can be exploited from various perspectives if tourism activities are developed in the region.
