بررسيِ زمينه هاي جامعه شناختيِ نوميدي و بدبيني در اشعارِ دهۀ سيِ اخوانِ ثالث

On the notion of sociological study of despair and pessimism on Akhavan-e- saleth’s Poems in1330 s

ساحت وجوديِ هنرمندان و شاعران، كانون تناقض­ بين نوميدي و خوش­بيني و سايرِ متغيّرهاي روحي است. به لحاظ جامعه­شناختي و پديداري، نوميدي و بدبيني التهابي است روحي و رواني ناشي از بحران­ها و شكست­هايي كه عمدتاً از جانب محيط و اجتماع بر ذهن و ضميرِ انسان عارض مي­شود. از منظر جامعه­شناسيِ ادبيات، در كانسِپت شعر معاصر فارسي، آثار و اشعار اخوان ثالث (م.اميد) بيش از اشعار ديگر اقرانش داراي درون­مايه­هاي غم، نوميدي و بدبيني است. زمينه­هاي جامعه­شناختيِ اين بدبيني و يأس را علاوه بر شرايط شخصيِ شاعر، بايد در تحوّلاتِ اجتماعيِ دهۀ سيِ جامعۀ ايران، جستجو كرد. آثار اين دهۀ از فعاليّت هنريِ اخوان، علاوه بر بازتاب مشكلات شخصيِ او، مصائب و شكست­هاي سياسي، اجتماعي و فرهنگيِ جامعۀ ايران را آينگي مي­كند. اخوان در فاصلۀ سال­هاي پيش و پس از كودتاي 28 مُرداد و در سه دفتر نخست اشعارش؛ مانندِ پاندول ميان يأس و اميد در نوسان است و تا واپسين روزهاي زندگي هرگز از چنبرۀ اين سندرُم رهايي نيافت. اين گفتار مي­كوشد زمينه­هاي جامعه­شناختيِ يأس و اميد و نوسانِ آن را در سپهرِ شعر اخوان بر پايۀ اوضاعِ فرهنگي و سياسيِ جامعه و با تمركز بر سه دفترِ «ارغنون»، «زمستان» و «آخر شاهنامه» بررسي نمايد.

The inner nature of both artists and poets is located in the center of contradictions and spiritual fluctuations. Hope and optimism in contrast to despair and pessimism are one of the most common innate contradictions of most poets. Despair and pessimism which are considered to be as both spiritual and mental agitation are rooted from crisis and failures; they are caused mainly by the environment and society and will affect human’s mind. In Persian contemporary poems and especially in Akavan-e-Saleth's poems, there are more themes of despair, sadness and pessimism than those of other poets, so that Akhavan could be considered as the symbol of failure and despair in the center of contemporary poems. His artistic works of the first decade reflects not only the poet's personal problems but also social, political and cultural failures of Iran, too. Within the time period of before and after the 28th Mordad coup, Akhavan published his first three volumes as his initial artistic works. The pendulum between despair and hope in his poems has been swinging against him so that he could never detach himself from for the rest of his life. This study attempts to investigate the origins of hope and despair and their fluctuations on Akhavan's poem regarding his three volumes: 'Arghanon','Zemestan', and 'Akhar-e-Shahnameh'.