اثر وزن بنه مادري و ميزان كود گاوي بر عملكرد گل و بنه زعفران

Effects of mother corm weight and cow manure on saffron flower and corm yield

به‌منظور بررسي اثر وزن بنه مادري (شامل 7-4/1، 10- 7/1 و 13- 10/1 گرم) و سطوح مختلف كود گاوي (شامل30 (شاهد)، 60 و 90 تن در هكتار) بر خصوصيات گل و بنه‌هاي دختري زعفران، آزمايشي به‌صورت فاكتوريل در قالب طرح پايه بلوك‌هاي كامل تصادفي با سه تكرار طي دو سال‌ زراعي (94-93 و 93-92) در شهرستان زاوه اجرا شد. نتايج تجزيه واريانس در سال اول و دوم نشان داد كه بين اثرات ساده و اثرات متقابل اكثر صفات مورد مطالعه اختلاف معني‌دار وجود داشت و اين اختلافات در سال دوم بيشتر بود. بيشترين و كمترين تعداد گل بترتيب در تيمارهاي 90 تن كود گاوي همراه با بنه درشت (13-10/1 گرم) و 60 تن كود گاوي همراه با بنه ريز (7-4/1 گرم) مشاهده گرديد. تيمار هاي 60 تن كود گاوي همراه با بنه درشت و 60 تن كود گاوي همراه با بنه ريز به ترتيب بيشترين و كمترين وزن خشك كلاله را توليد كردند. بيشترين و كمترين تعداد كل بنه دختري و عملكرد كل بنه دختري به ترتيب متعلق به تيمارهاي 90 تن كود گاوي همراه با بنه درشت و 30 تن (شاهد) كود گاوي همراه با بنه ريز بود. همچنين مقايسات ميانگين اثر متقابل در سال دوم نشان داد كه تيمارهاي 90 تن كود گاوي همراه با بنه درشت و 30 تن (شاهد) كود گاوي همراه با بنه ريز به ترتيب بيشترين و كمترين تعداد گل ، وزن خشك كلاله ، تعداد كل بنه دختري و عملكرد كل بنه دختري را دارا بودند. در نهايت مي‌توان اين‌گونه نتيجه‌گرفت كه با افزايش مصرف كود گاوي (بيش از 60 تن) و استفاده از بنه‌هاي مادري با وزن بيش از 7 گرم مي‌توان باعث بهبود صفات تعداد و عملكرد بنه دختري شده و اين صفات بخصوص در سال‌هاي آتي باعث افزايش عملكرد كلاله زعفران مي‌گردند.

In order to investigate the effects of mother corm weight (including 4.1-7, 7.1-10 and 10.1-13 g) and different levels of cow manure (including 30 (control), 60 and 90 t.ha-1) on flower characteristics and daughter corms of saffron, a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted during two cropping years (2012-13, 2013-14) in the Zaweh county. The results of variance analysis in the first and second years showed that there were significant differences between the simple effects and the interaction effects in terms of most of the studied traits, and these differences were higher in the second year. The highest (56.8 m-2) and the lowest (41.3 m-2) flower numbers were obtained in 90 t.ha-1 cow manure with bigger corm size ( 10.1-13 g) and 60 t.ha-1 cow manure with smaller corm size (4.1-7 g) treatments, respectively. 60 t.ha-1 cow manure with bigger corm size (10.1-13 g) and 60 t.ha-1 cow manure with smaller corm size (4.1-7 g) treatments produced the highest (0.347 g.m-2) and the lowest (0.220 g.m-2) dry weight of stigma, respectively. The highest and the lowest of total number of daughter corms (504.2 and 264.7 m-2), total daughter corm yield (2677.3 and 1582.9 g.m-2) were shown in 90 t.ha-1 cow manure with bigger corm size ( 10.1-13 g) and 30 (control) t.ha-1 cow manure with smaller corm size (4.1-7 g) treatments, respectively. In addition, the mean comparison of interaction effects in the second year showed that there were significant differences between most of the treatments. The interaction effects of the studied traits in the second year showed that 90 t.ha- 1cow manure with bigger corm size (10.1-13 g) and 30 (control) t.ha-1 cow manure with smaller corm size (4.1-7 g) treatments produced the highest and the lowest flower number (231.0 and 156.5 m-2), stigma dry weight (2.062 and 1.053 g.m-2), total number of daughter corms (1024.5 and 505.5 m-2) and total daughter corms yield (4486.6 and 2133.1 g.m-2), respectively. Finally, it can be concluded that by increasing the use of cow manure (more than 60 t.ha-1) and the use of more than 7 grams of mother corms, it is possible to improve the number and yield of daughter corms and these traits will increase the saffron stigma yield in the next coming years.