پديد آورندگان :
فيروزي، حسين دانشگاه بين المللي جامعه المصطفي آشتيان , اسماعيل پور مطلق، ابوالقاسم دانشگاه شهيد بهشتي - گروه زبان و ادبيات فارسي , وفايي، عباسعلي دانشگاه علامه طباطبايي - گروه زبان و ادبيات فارسي
كليدواژه :
اسطوره , نماد , ادبيات پايداري , احمد شاملو
چكيده فارسي :
احمد شاملو با بهره گيري از درون مايه هاي اساطيري نمادين و رمزآلود در آفرينش و ترسيم
فضاي اسطوره اي در اشعارش همواره كامياب بوده است. شاملو از شاعراني است كه هرچند
ميزان پرداختن وي به اسطوره و جنبه هاي حماسي نسبت به بعضي شاعران معاصر كمتر است؛
ولي توانسته است نمودهاي زيبايي از اسطورهسازي را هر چند اندك در شعر خود عرضه كند و
به ويژه در عرصة شعر پايداري، به بازآفريني اسطوره هاي كهن و آفرينش اسطوره هاي تازه
بپردازد. وي با خارج نمودن قالب اصلي اسطوره از فضاي كهن اسطوره اي خود، از آن به عنوان
نمادي تأثيرگذار در صحنة سياسي و اجتماعي بهره برده است تا شرايط نابسامان فرهنگي،
سياسي و اجتماعي جامعة مورد ستم خود را اصلاح كند. اين جستاركه با روش تحليلي - توصيفي انجام گرفته است، نشان مي دهد كه وي همواره با بهرهگيري از نمادها در بازآفريني
اسطوره ها توانمند بوده و با توجه به نيازهاي جامعه اش به اسطوره آفريني پرداخته است؛ همچنين
بسياري از اشعار شاملو بر پاية بن مايه هاي اسطوره اي بنا شده است. پژوهشهايي دربارة شعر
شاملو از ديدگاه نقد اسطوره شناختي صورت گرفته است؛ اما اين مقاله، نخستين پژوهشي است
كه به گونهاي ويژه، نمادهاي اساطيري مرتبط با ادبيات پايداري در شعر شاملو را مورد بررسي
و تحليل قرار ميدهد.
چكيده لاتين :
Myths are collective dreams that, as a result of many years of similar experiences of human ancestors, have deposited in the deep layers of human's collective unconscious. They have risen from the depths of human's existence in various forms such as religious ceremonies, individual dreams, art and literature and they have created symbols that manifest the whole nature of human being, creation and human history. One of the most important points of connection between modern poetry and Persian classic poetry is its use of myth and symbol to pay for poetic concepts because the language of myth and symbol makes the poem rich, prominent and enduring. Myths and mythical symbols are one of the most important tools in modern Persian poetry, through which the poet can express various goals and in addition to increasing the charm and spirit of poetry, the poet indirectly expresses what he or she cannot or does not want to express clearly.
In fact, we can say that symbolism in literature is "the art of expressing thoughts and emotions, not through direct description, ... but by the way they refer to them and the use of unexplained symbols to create those emotions and thoughts is in the mind of the reader. "(Chadwick, 1996, 11), The poet's use of this power has always put poetry and literature into an atmosphere of political and social vitality and movement. Today's modernist poets, with their overtones and mere references, present their own myths and narratives. In other words, in the process, "myth becomes a midwife who gives birth to the poet's infant thoughts." (Horri, 2009, 22) Therefore, recreating myths in poetry is one of the most beautiful and artistic uses of myth. In such recreation, the goal is to link the past to the present and to provide backgrounds in the field of mythical insight. Through this link, it presents its readers with a specific social and political perception. By reflecting on the points mentioned above, one can understand the significance and value of the mythical criticism of a literary work because when: "The individual dream is to be considered a myth, every genuine literary work is in fact a literary masterpiece of the collective human dream." (Ismaeilpour, 2003, 43) Mythological elements are one of the enduring symbols in contemporary poetry at various points in Iranian history. It expresses the ideals and feelings of the nation where the poet leaves and is dependent on. Resistance literature is "a kind of committed literature created by people and intellectual leaders in society against what threatens their material and spiritual life" (Basiri, 2009, 26) and is the literature in the context of people's lives and risen amid not only war, but also social changes (Mohammadi Roozbehani, 2010, 28). With the beginning of the 19th century, Persian poetry and literature also entered a new society and had new themes which were named by contemporary writers and researchers as 'jihadist literature', 'anti-colonial literature' and 'resistance literature' (Taheri Khosroshahi, 2011, 5).
