پديد آورندگان :
شيراسماعيلي، غلامحسين دانشگاه شهيد باهنر كرمان - دانشكده كشاورزي - گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات , مقصودي مود، علي اكبر دانشگاه شهيد باهنر كرمان - دانشكده كشاورزي - گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات , خواجويي نژاد، غلامرضا دانشگاه شهيد باهنر كرمان - دانشكده كشاورزي - گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات , عبدالشاهي، روح الله دانشگاه شهيد باهنر كرمان - دانشكده كشاورزي - گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات
كليدواژه :
زمان كاشت , تنش آب , دانه روغني , عملكرد دانه , تعداد غوزه
چكيده فارسي :
نوسانات بارندگي و دسترسي به منابع آب زيرزميني در مناطق خشك و نيمه خشك، عملكرد و اجزاي عملكرد محصولات زراعي را به ويژه در كشت هاي بهاره و تابستانه تحت تأثير قرار مي دهد. گل رنگ يكي از گياهان روغني بومي ايران است كه نسبت به خشكي مقاوم است. اين آزمايش به صورت كرت هاي دو بار خردشده و در قالب طرح بلوك هاي كامل تصادفي با چهار تكرار اجرا شد. فاكتور اصلي شامل دو تاريخ كشت بهاره و تابستانه، فاكتور فرعي شامل سه تيمار آبياري (شاهد، قطع آبياري در شروع گلدهي و قطع آبياري از دوره پر شدن دانه) و فاكتور فرعي فرعي شامل نه رقم گلرنگ بود. تاريخ كاشت بهاره نسبت به تابستانه در تمامي صفت هاي اندازه گيري شده اختلاف معني دار داشت. عملكرد دانه در تاريخ كشت فروردين ماه 3070 كيلوگرم در هكتار بود كه نسبت به تيرماه، 62 درصد افزايش نشان داد. تيمار آبياري بر ارتفاع، تعداد دانه در غوزه و عملكرد دانه اثر معني دار داشت و قطع آبياري باعث كاهش تعداد دانه در غوزه و عملكرد گرديد. عملكرد دانه در تيمارهاي آبياري در دوره پر شدن دانه و دوره گلدهي نسبت به تيمار شاهد به ترتيب 21 و 54 درصد كاهش نشان داد. در بين ارقام، صفه و گلدشت داراي بالاترين عملكرد دانه بودند و در تيمار قطع آبياري در شروع گلدهي بين ارقام اختلاف معني داري مشاهده نشد. به طور كلي رقم هاي ايراني نسبت به ارقام مكزيكي توانايي بهتري براي مقاومت به تنش و توليد عملكرد دانه بالاتر داشتند.
چكيده لاتين :
Introduction: Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) is an oil-producing plant, which is considered to be a valuable source of seed oil due to its high oil quality and relatively high resistance to salinity and water-deficit conditions (Mozaffari and Asadi, 2006). In the regions where annual precipitation is low and also the distribution of rainfall is unpredictable, drought is the most important environmental stress that adversely affects crop plant performance. Identifying tolerant cultivars with high yield potential is of paramount significance for researchers under the condition with ever-decreasing rainfall, elevated air temperature and increased hot weather. Delayed sowing in the spring cropping of safflower causes accelerated development, reduced vegetative growth and decreased yield and yield components of the plant (Zimmerman, 1972). The objective of this work was to determine suitable cultivars for the spring and summer cropping seasons under water-shortage conditions. Materials and Methods: This experiment was carried out as split-split plot in a randomized complete block design with four replications at agricultural research station of Kabutarabad in the 2016 growing season. The main factor consisted of two spring and summer sowing dates, the sub-factor comprised of three irrigation treatments (Full Irrigating from sowing to plant maturity as control, irrigation till the beginning of flowering and irrigation till the seed filling period) and the subsub factor included nine safflower cultivars: Sofeh, Goldasht, Sina, Faraman, and Mexican cultivars of Mec117, Mec295, Mec18, Mec11 and Mec7. Following seed sowing, and the initial irrigation for plant emergence and establishment, the plots were irrigated after 70 mm cumulative evaporation from evaporation pan class A and cessation of irrigation for plots occurred based on plant growth stage and the irrigation termination treatments. Results and Discussion: The results indicated that there was a significance difference between spring and summer planting dates for all the measured traits. Plant height, plant dry matter at flowering stage, boll numbers, number of seeds in boll, seed weight and seed yield decreased in summer cropping as compared with spring cropping. There was no significant difference in plant dry matter at flowering stage, boll numbers and seed weight under irrigation treatments but other traits showed significant differences. The highest grain yield was obtained when the cultivars received full irrigation (control treatment). Termination of irrigation in the grain-filling period and at flowering reduced grain yield by 25 and 45% as compared to the control. Average seed yield of cultivars in the spring planting was 62% higher than summer planting. The highest seed yield in spring planting was obtained from Sofeh and Goldasht and Mec117 cultivars. But, the greatest seed yield in summer planting was obtained from Sofeh, Goldasht, Sina and Faraman cultivars (The cultivars are mentioned in descending order of yield). Mexican cultivars performed best in spring planting, however, they experienced a significant decline in their seed yield in summer planting. Crop seed yield is reduced when sensitive growth stages e.g. flowering and pollination coincides with adverse environmental conditions such as high temperature (Emami et al., 2011). The observed yield reduction in the safflower cultivars in the second planting date (summer season) is attributable to decreased duration of rosette and vegetative stages. This was due to rapid transition from vegetative to reproductive stage caused by environmental stressors, in particular, high temperature, which prevented the plant from achieving adequate yield- forming components. Conclusion: In general, Iranian cultivars were more resistant to stress and had higher grain yield than Mexican cultivars. Iranian cultivars Sofeh, Sina and Goldasht are suitable cultivars for planting under normal and drought stress conditions for spring and summer cropping seasons.
