كليدواژه :
نقد زن محور , شهرنوش پارسي پور , طوبا و معناي شب , فمينيسم
چكيده فارسي :
جلوه هاي زنانه يكي از رهيافت هاي نقد ادبي مربوط به زنان است كه به بررسي شخصيت زنان در آثار نويسندگان مي پردازد و اين موضوع بستر مناسبي است براي رمان «طوبا و معناي شب» كه در آن مسائل و دغدغه هاي زندگي زنان كه به نوعي مورد ستم فرهنگ نرينه سالار قرار گرفته اند، بيان شده است. پارسي پور در اين رمان با ترسيم دوره گذار از جامعه سنتي دوران قاجار به تجدد دوران پهلوي و درنهايت به دگرگوني دوران انقلاب مي رسد و همزمان با تغييرات اجتماعي، فرهنگي و سياسي جامعه با پرده برداشتن از بخش هاي جديد هويت زنانه، زواياي پنهان وجود زنان و مبارزه آنها براي كسب هويت از دست رفته شان را به تصوير مي كشد و با انتقاد از نظام مردسالار نشان مي دهد چطور با تغيير فرهنگي جامعه، نوع نگرش و شيوه زندگي زنان نيز تغيير مي يابد و اين تحول فرهنگي و اجتماعي به تحول شخصيتي زنان و پوست اندازي و بيرون آمدن آنها از پيله كهنه نظام مردسالار ايران منجر مي شود. در اين مقاله بر آن شده ايم تا به نقد رمان طوبا و معناي شب از منظر فمنيستي بپردازيم و نگاه زنانه او را در اين مجال واكاوي نماييم.
چكيده لاتين :
Feminism, which is the belief in equality between men's and women's rights, is a political, social and cultural movement that has invaded the world for the past two centuries. The main demand of this movement is to address the gender inequality caused by the patriarchal system and the realization of women's rights, first emerged in Western literature, and expanded to political and social issues by literary and artistic works. After the Constitutional Revolution, with the emergence of writers such as Sadegh Hedayat the phenomenon emerged in Iranian art and literature. Poetry and storytelling became a domain for expressing feminist ideas and. The idea of feminism is based on having equal rights and opportunities regardless of gender. Mary Wellston Craft was the first woman who protested for women's rights in the Enlightenment era. After that, Virginia Woolf, along with Simone de Beauvoir and Julia Kristeva, had the most influence on feminist literature. In a woman-centered critique, Virginia Woolf, by writing A room of one’s own in 1919, takes the first step in the field of literature and declares that even feminine identity is portrayed by men. In 1949, Simon de Beauvoir revived the feminist movement by writing “second sex”, stating that in Western societies all writers were men and women were always ignored as the "other sex".
The first movements of defending women's rights in Iran occurred after the Constitutional Revolution. Men who were narrative of women's lives were never able to portray a woman's true self regarding women’s desires, feelings, and emotions. As a result, when women started writing and creating brilliant works about themselves, a new era began. One of the women who started writing of women was Shahrnoush Parsipour.
