تحليل نوسازي نظام آموزشي ايران در دهه چهل و اوايل دهه پنجاه (با تأكيد بر كنفرانس انقلاب آموزشي رامسر)

Analysis of Modernization of the Education System in the Sixties and Early Seventies in Iran through Investigation of the Historical and Educational Significance of the Ramsar ‘Educational Revolution’ Conferences

نوسازي نظام آموزشي ايران، به منظور دستيابي به علوم نوين و تربيت نيروي انساني ماهر، از دغدغه هاي دولت مردان ايراني در دوره قاجار و پهلوي بود، دهه چهل و اوايل دهه پنجاه اوج اين نوسازي ها محسوب مي شود. اين امر كه ناشي از ضرورت هاي داخلي و بين المللي بود، دولت پهلوي را واداشت تا با حمايت آمريكا و با اتكا به درآمد روزافزون نفتي، نوسازي آموزشي را يكي از مهمترين اولويت هاي توسعه خود قرار دهد. به دنبال اين هدف گذاري، در اصول انقلاب سفيد چندين اصل به امور آموزشي اختصاص يافت و براي پيگيري اجراي اين اصول از سال 1347 تا 1355 هرساله كنفرانسي با عنوان «انقلاب آموزشي رامسر» برگزار شد. اين پژوهش بر آن است با روش تحليل تاريخي كه مبتني بر توصيف و تحليل دادههاست، و با تكيه بر مصوبات و گزارش هاي كنفرانس انقلاب آموزشي رامسر به اين پرسش پاسخ دهد كه زمينه ها، ايدئولوژي و اهداف انقلاب آموزشي رامسر چه بود. يافته هاي پژوهش بر آن است كه نوسازي نظام آموزشي تحت تأثير مكتب نوسازي به منظور رفع عقب ماندگي تاريخي نظام آموزشي و تأمين نيروي انساني ماهر و برآورده كردن اهداف ايدئولوژيك دولت پهلوي صورت مي گرفت

The objective of modernization of the education system in the Qajar’s and the Pahlavi’s periods were twofold: to acquaint their citizens with modern sciences and train skilled scholars. The sixties and the early seventies saw the culmination of the modernization of the education system in Iran. Due to the national and international necessity of such modernization, the Pahlavi government made the educational modernization as one of its prioritized missions. The mission alongside with its developmental programs was heavily supported and endorsed by the US government. Furthermore, the steep increase of oil prices helped the Pahlavi government to provide the necessary financial backing for the mission and its related programs. After finding the cultural and financial backings, the government started passing and implementing some laws and regulations so that the mission can find its legal ground as well. Some of these laws and regulation had already been included in the Shah’s White Revolution as the revolution’s principles and guidelines and as result, the government held a number of annual conferences to prepare some reports and follow ups on how these principles and consequently the necessary laws and regulations for the mission were being observed and developed. Held between 1968 and 1976, the series of these conferences was called "Ramsar Educational Revolution". Through a descriptive-analytical methodology, the present study aims to analyze the grounds and objectives of the Pahlavi’s modernization of the education system. The study also investigates the resolutions of the Ramsar conferences. The findings of the study suggest that the prime objective of modernization of the education system was to compensate the obsolete nature of Iran’s education system till that time, to supply the country with the skilled manpower and strengthen the legitimacy of the Pahlavi Government. Despite the expansion of the education system in the sixties and the seventies, there were wide ruptures and discrepancies between the aforementioned objectives, the adopted implemental measures and realities of Iran’s contemporary society..