پديد آورندگان :
خليلي، احمد دانشگاه علم و صنعت ايران، تهران - دانشكده معماري و شهرسازي , زبردست، اسفنديار دانشگاه تهران - دانشكده شهرسازي - پرديس هنرهاي زيبا , عزيزي، محمدمهدي دانشگاه تهران - دانشكده شهرسازي - پرديس هنرهاي زيبا
كليدواژه :
گونه شناسي , الگو , رشد شهري , گسترش شهري , پراكنده رويي شهري
چكيده فارسي :
در مطالعه حاضر به تدقيق در ويژگي ها و گونه هاي مختلف سه كلان مفهوم رشد شهري، گسترش شهري و پراكنده رويي شهري، و در راستاي گونه شناسي از انواع زيرگونه هاي آنها در مطالعات مختلف برنامه ريزي شهري و منطقه اي پرداخته شده است كه همواره در متون مختلف، مشابه هم به كار رفته اند. به عبارت ديگر، هدف اين مقاله تبيين مفهومي و فضايي از واژه هايي همچون رشد شهري، گسترش شهري و پراكندهرويي شهري و گونه هاي مربوط به آن است و به دليل تشابه و جايگزيني اين مفاهيم در ادبيات جهاني، تا حد ممكن، حد و مرز هر يك از آنها و نقاط تشابه و افتراق را شناسايي نموده و در نهايت چارچوب مفهومي مشخصي براي شناسايي آنها ارائه نمايد. روش تحقيق در اين مطالعه نيز تلقيقي از روشهاي اسنادي و روش تحليل اكتشافي مبتني بر تدقيق در ادبيات موضوع و تبيين تطبيقي مطالعات جهاني است. بر اساس يافتههاي اين مطالعه، مقاله حاضر بعد از رسيدن به 10 الگوي مشخص از سه كلان مفهوم مربوطه در حوزه ادبيات شهرسازي، در نهايت، گونه شناسي خاص اين مطالعه را با تكيه بر يافته هاي نظري پژوهش ارائه داده است.
چكيده لاتين :
In this paper, explicating the characteristics and various patterns of three main concepts -urban growth, urban expansion and urban sprawl- aiming to typology from their sub-patterns in various studies of urban and regional literature have been reviewed. In other words, the aim of this paper is conceptual and spatial explanation of these words: urban growth, urban expansion and urban sprawl and their related concepts. Together with technologies and consumption styles, the form of settlements and the way human activities are organised in geographical space represent crucial research fieldsand sources of pre- occupation as far as ecological equilibria are concerned. In fact, in principle, the resource-efficiency of different settlement patterns is subject to wide variations with reference, at least, to two scarce natural resources: land resourcesand energy resources.Land consumption depends directly on the relative compactness of human settlements and on residential density; energy consumption.The question of the environmental or social costs of urban form is increasingly attracting attention in spatial policy, but scientific debate in this field is often marred by prejudices and abstract visions; empirical analyses are very rare.Urban growth topic and their patterns with the growth management policies, as important topics, affect various urban and regional plans. For example urban growth is in essence a complex subsystem; it involves actors with differing patterns of behavior at various spatial and temporal scales. It centres on understanding the dynamic interactions between the socio economic and built environments and major natural environmental impacts. Complexity in the domain of urban growth can be divided into such classes as spatial, temporal and decision-making processe. The causes of urban growth are quite similar with those of sprawl. In most of the instances they can not be discriminated since urban growth and sprawl are highly interlinked. However, it is important to realise that urban growth may be observed without the occurrence of sprawl, but sprawl must induce growth in urban area. Some of the causes, for example population growth, may result in coordinated compact growth or uncoordinated sprawled growth.Because of similarity and replacement of these concepts in urban planning literature, the aim of paper is the identification of similarities and diversities of their various patterns. The concept of pattern has special definitions in different disciplines. In geographical terms, pattern refers to a "regular arrangement or logic ordering of objects in geo-space", the manner in which a phenomenon is distributed in time and space .Space logic is called spatial pattern. In addition, a temporal pattern can be defined for changes over time. The research main method is a combination of attributive methods and explanatory analysis methods which based on explanation of topic literature and comparative comparison of global studies. Research findings show that the creation of clear line among these three concepts and their sub-patterns is very difficult and there is no consensus between professionals. Finally, after investigating ten theories and extracting of twelve specific patterns, the current paper presents a special Urban Pattern Typology (UPT) in three sections including: conceptual model, relative share and spatial sphere.
