كليدواژه :
دولت محلي , تمركززدايي , دولت ملي , حكمراني خوب , تمركز‌گرايي
چكيده فارسي :
امروزه حكمراني خوب در مقياس وسيعي از سطح محلي تا بين‌المللي به‌كار برده مي‌شود. در اين بين سطح محلي داري اهميت ويژهاي است. با توجه به مشخصه‌هايي چون اصل تمركززدايي، ساختار دموكراتيك، برنامه‌ريزي و تصميم‌گيري محلي‌‌گرا و مردم‌نهاد، افزايش نقش نهادهاي غير‌دولتي و جامعه مدني، توجه به منافع عام مردم، توزيع فرصت‌ها و برقراري عدالت اجتماعي و جغرافيايي، افزايش اثر‌بخشي و كارآيي و در نهايت بهره‌مندي كل جامعه از توسعه و رفاه و...، مي‌توان دولت محلي را به‌دليل ماهيت و كاركرد‌هاي خاصي كه دارد، نمونه مطلوب و كارآمدي از دولت هميار و همكار (دولت ملي)، با حكمراني خوب دانست. در اين برداشت؛ تمركززدايي (از اركان دولت ملي)، مهمترين و اصليترين هدف دولت محلي در تحقق حكمراني خوب است. در حقيقت با تكيه بر اصل تمركززدايي كامل، دولت ملي قادر خواهد بود با واگذاري بخشي از مسئوليت‌هايش به شهروندان در قالب دولت محلي، مشاركت واقعي آنها در امور منطقه و كشور را عملي و از اين طريق زمينه هاي تعامل ميان سه بخش دولت، جامعه مدني و بخش خصوصي را فراهم آورد. بديهي است كه نتيجه اين اعتماد دولت ملي (در واگذاري بخش از مسئوليتها به احاد مردم، جامعه مدني و بخش خصوصي)، تسهيل و تحقق همكاري و همگرايي ميان دولت ملي و دولت محلي و در حقيقت همگرايي ميان دولت ملي و احاد جامعه خواهد بود.
چكيده لاتين :
The term good governance is used today on a wide scale from a local to an international level. In the meantime, governance in the form of local government seems to be more commensurate with good governance. This research seeks to answer the questions of what is the relationship between local government and good governance and what are the unique characteristics and traits of a local government that can be considered a good government? In addition, what is the best method for delegating powers and responsibilities to citizens in order to make local government efficient in terms of good governance? The research is descriptive-analytical based on its nature and methodology and the required information is gathered in a documentary manner with reference to reliable books and articles. The research findings show that with respect to specific and prominent features of local government such as decentralization, democratic structure, local and people-centered planning and decision-making, attention to the interests of the general public, the distribution of opportunities and the establishment of social and geographical justice, more community benefits from development and welfare, local government can be regarded as the ideal example for good governance. Also among the many features that local government has, the principle of optimal decentralization (political, economic, administrative, technical, geographical, etc.), as the real symbol and ultimate goal of local government, is undoubtedly the best and most practical way of good administrative governance. In this way, by delegating some of the responsibilities to the citizens, their involvement in regional and national affairs becomes more real and then the mutual interaction between the local government and the central government becomes facilitated. It will also have decentralization of power (central government) as a principle. In short, because of the specific nature and functions of local government, it can be used to establish a good governance model.
