كليدواژه :
روش اجزاء منفصل , نيروي مويينگي , درجه‌ي اشباع , پل مايع (منيسك) , چسبندگي ظاهري , معيار موهر ـ كولمب
چكيده فارسي :
خاك محيطي سه‌فازي، شامل ذرات جامد، منافذ و سيال منفذي است. در شرايط غيراشباع، پديده‌ي مويينگي موجب نيروي كششي بين ذرات خاك ناشي از موئينگي به‌صورت پيوندهاي منيسكي مي‌شود. روش اجزاء منفصل (DEM)، توانايي شبيه‌سازي اندركنش بين ذرات خاك را دارد. در نوشتار حاضر، به مدل‌سازي يك محيط دانه‌يي غيراشباع با استفاده از روش اجزاء منفصل و با درنظر گرفتن نيروي كششي بين ذرات ناشي از مويينگي پرداخته و تأثير درجه‌ي اشباع در پارامترهاي مقاومت برشي بررسي شده است. بدين منظور با برنامه‌نويسي و اصلاح قانون تماس و با درنظر گرفتن كشش مويينگي در كد اجزاء منفصل PFC2D، آزمايش‌هاي سه‌محوري شبيه‌سازي شده است. نتايج نشان مي‌دهد كه نيروهاي كششي بين ذرات ناشي از منيسك‌هاي مايع در پارامترهاي معيار گسيختگي موهر ـ كولمب تأثير مي‌گذارند، به نحوي كه نيروي كششي ايجادشده بين ذرات به‌صورت چسبندگي ظاهر مي‌شود، اما در زاويه‌ي اصطكاك داخلي تأثيري ندارد.
چكيده لاتين :
Soils consist of solid particles, pores, and pore fluids (air, water, other fluids), sometimes with interparticle bonding, to form a complex fabric. The behavior of natural soils is complex and difficult to model adequately by conventional non-linear elastic models or elasto-plastic ones. Micromechanics may prove helpful as an alternative method to overcome this complexity and physically describe its behavior. Micromechanics is used in this aim by two approaches.The first is an experimental approach, which tries to understand the granular behavior by the laboratory experiments on sands, glass spheres and rods to observe the fabric changes, contact distribution, and shear bands.The second approach uses Discrete Element Method (DEM) to numerically simulate the soil behavior. DEM considers a granular medium as an assemblage of particles interacting with each other in contact points. DEM is able to monitor the evolution of micro variables as force in contacts and their orientations. In DEM, the contact between the particles is detected and then contact force is calculated. These contact forces are used to calculate the displacements and rotations of each particle and their new coordinates. Literature review shows that DEM is a useful tool, particularly in soil mechanics.To predict the shear strength of the soils, the Coulomb theory revised by the effective stress theorem is used, which is suitable for dry or saturated conditions. However, unsaturated condition is the main state of soils in arid or semi-arid regions. From micromechanical point of view, the main difference between the dry or saturated condition and unsaturated condition is in the
interparticle force due to menisci formed by pore water and air. In this paper, after formulating the geometry of the menisci and attraction force, they are programmed in a DEM code, PFC2D. The effect of saturation ratio on capillary force and its effect on global behavior of the medium is investigated. The simulations show that attraction forces, due to capillarity, are reflected as the cohesion on macro scale, but the internal friction is not affected by capillary effect.
