فرآوري زيستي زباله تر و توليد محصولات سالم

Bio-Processing of Household Waste and the Production of Healthy Products

امروزه اﻧﺒﺎﺷﺖ و دﻓﻊ زﺑﺎﻟﻪ ﺗﺮ ﺧﺎﻧﮕﯽ در ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺷﻬﺮي و روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﺸﻮر ﻣﻌﻀﻞ ﺑﺰرﮔﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ آﻟﻮدﮔﯽ آب، ﺧﺎك و ﻫﻮا، زﻧﺠﯿﺮه ﻏﺬا و ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﺮوز اﻧﻮاع ﺑﯿﻤﺎريﻫﺎ ﻣﯽﺷﻮد. اﯾﻦ در ﺣﺎﻟﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻣﯽﺗﻮان ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از روشﻫﺎي ﻓﺮآوري زﯾﺴﺘﯽ آن را ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮاد ﺑﺎ ارزش ﺑﯿﻮارﮔﺎﻧﯿﮏ ﺗﺒﺪﯾﻞ ﻧﻤﻮد ﮐﻪ ﺿﻤﻦ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﺤﯿﻂزﯾﺴﺖ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ درآﻣﺪزاﯾﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺟﻮاﻧﺐ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ آﻟﻮدﮔﯽﻫﺎي ﻧﺎﺷﯽ از اﻧﺒﺎﺷﺖ و دﻓﻊ ﻏﯿﺮاﺻﻮﻟﯽ زﺑﺎﻟﻪ ﺷﻬﺮي و روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ در اﯾﺮان ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ و ﺳﻌﯽ دارد اﻣﮑﺎنﭘﺬﯾﺮ ﺑﻮدن ﺗﺒﺪﯾﻞ زﺑﺎﻟﻪﻫﺎي ﺗﺮ ﺧﺎﻧﮕﯽ ﺑﻪ ﮐﻮدﻫﺎي ﺑﯿﻮارﮔﺎﻧﯿﮏ ﺑﻪ ﺷﯿﻮه زﯾﺴﺘﯽ را ﻧﺸﺎن دﻫﺪ. اﯾﻦ ﺷﯿﻮه در دﺳﺘﺮس و ﺑﺴﯿﺎر ﮐﻢﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ رﻓﻊ ﺑﺤﺮان زﺑﺎﻟﻪ ﺗﺮ در ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﯽﺷﻮد. اﯾﻦ ﻓﺮآوري در ﺣﻘﯿﻘﺖ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖﻫﺎي ﺷﮕﻔﺖاﻧﮕﯿﺰ ﮐﺮم ﺧﺎﮐﯽ و ﻣﯿﮑﺮوبﻫﺎي ﻫﻤﺰﯾﺴﺖ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻃﯽ آن ﭘﺴﻤﺎﻧﺪﻫﺎي ﻓﺴﺎدﭘﺬﯾﺮ ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ ﺷﺪه و اﻧﻮاﻋﯽ از ﺑﻬﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﮐﻮدﻫﺎي ﺑﯿﻮارﮔﺎﻧﯿﮏ را ﻣﯽﺳﺎزﻧﺪ. ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد اﯾﻦ ﮐــﻮدﻫﺎ ﻋﻼوه ﺑﺮ ﺣﻞ ﻣﺸﮑﻼﺗﯽ ﭼﻮن ﻓﻘﺮ ﻣﺎده آﻟﯽ ﺧﺎك و آﻟﻮدﮔﯽ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ آبوﺧﺎك ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﻗﯿﻤﺎﻧﺪه ﮐﻮدﻫﺎي ﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ، ﺑﺎﻋﺚ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ راﻧﺪﻣﺎن آﺑﯿﺎري ﺷﺪه و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﺑﻪ دﻟﯿﻞ ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺰﯾﻨﯽ آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎ ﮐﻮدﻫﺎي ﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ، ﻇﺮﻓﯿﺖ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻت ﺳﺎﻟﻢ و ارﮔﺎﻧﯿﮏ را ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﺑﺮده ﮐﻪ ﺧﻮد ﺑﺎﻋﺚ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ درآﻣﺪ ﮐﺸﺎورزان و ﻧﯿﺰ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪ اﺑﺘﻼ ﺑﻪ ﺑﯿﻤﺎريﻫﺎ در ﮐﺸﻮر اﺳﺖ. آﻣﻮزش و ﺗﺮوﯾﺞ اﯾﻦ ﻓﺮآﯾﻨﺪ ﺣﺘﯽ در ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺷﻬﺮي ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﺮاي ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮات ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ زﺑﺎﻟﻪ ﺗﺮ ﺧﺎﻧﮕﯽ وﺟﻮد دار

Today, the accumulation and disposal of household waste in urban and rural areas of the country is a major contributing factor to pollution of water, soil and air, and the food chain, as well as the occurrence of various diseases. However, using bio-processing methods, it can be converted into valuable biomaterials that, while protecting environmental resources, generate revenue. The present paper addresses various aspects of contamination caused by the accumulation and unprocessed disposal of urban and rural waste in Iran, and attempt to demonstrate the feasibility of converting household waste to bio organic fertilizers by these methods. The basis is the rural women's education in vermitechnology. This affordable and very low-cost way of eliminating, reduce the crisis in rural areas. In fact, this process is use of the amazing features of earthworms and coexistence microbes, which along that, degradable waste decomposes and forms a variety of the best bioorganic fertilizers. The use of these fertilizers, in addition to solving problems such as the poor organic matter of soil and pollution of soil and water resources to the remains of the chemical fertilizers, increases the efficiency of irrigation, and also because of their replacement with chemical fertilizers, has increased the capacity to produce organic and healthy products, which will increase farmers' incomes and reduce the cost of disease in the country.