كليدواژه :
ارزش زمين و مسكن , تخلفات ساختماني , رانت زمين و مسكن , سنندج , عملكرد شهرداري
چكيده فارسي :
«رانت» به معني مازاد يا سود غير توليدي است كه به‌دنبال كميابي‌هاي طبيعي (ذاتي) يا ساختگي فراهم مي‌شود. تفاوت طبيعي يا ساختگي شرايط و ارزش مصرفي و معاملاتي اراضي شهري، زمينۀ رانت و سود نابرابر توليد را فراهم ميآورد. تخلف ساختماني در شهر به اقداماتي در ساختمان‌سازي و استفاده از آن اطلاق مي‌شود كه در آن، ساختمان، مجوز (پروانه) ندارد يا با مجوز صادرشده از شهرداري مغاير است. در اين مقاله به بررسي وقوع تخلفات ساختماني، رانت زمين و مسكن و عملكرد شهرداري در اين خصوص از سال 1382 تا 1390 در سنندج پرداخته شده است. اين پژوهش از نوع پژوهش‌هاي بنيادي و كاربردي است و به روش توصيفي-تحليلي انجام شده است. داده‌ها و اطلاعات آن نيز به روش مطالعات اسنادي-كتابخانه‌اي و ميداني جمع‌آوري و با استفاده از آمار توصيفي و ضريب همبستگي پيرسون توصيف و تحليل شده است. براساس يافته‌ها، از 8072 پروانة ساختماني صادرشده در سال‌هاي 1382 تا 1390 در شهر سنندج، 2886 مورد (535/7 درصد) آن به 6291 واحد تخلف، به مساحت 204.294 مترمربع منتهي شده است. نتايج نشان مي‌دهد رانت زمين و مسكن، روند صدور پروانه‌ها و فروش تراكم مازاد ساختماني و كسب درآمد شهرداري، بر وقوع و توزيع فضايي تخلفات ساختماني در سنندج تأثيري تعيين‌كننده داشته است. بيشترين صدور پروانه‌هاي ساختماني (98/22 درصد)، فروش تراكم مازاد و تخلفات ساختماني به منطقة 3 سنندج مربوط بوده است كه رانت زمين و مسكن بيشتري دارد و بخش زيادي از درآمد شهرداري نيز از اين محل تأمين مي‌شود.
چكيده لاتين :
Rent is defined as a surplus or non-productive profits resulted from inherent or intentional scarcity. Differences between inherent or intentional conditions and consumer and transaction values of urban lands have led to creation of "Rent", that is extravagant profits in housing production sector. Land and housing rent are resulted from location, economical and physical factors as well as management decision makings. Building violations within a city are associated with construction activities and the measures pertaining to holdings without construction permissions issued by different municipalities. The purpose of this study is to investigate the occurrences of building violations as well as land and housing rent with respect to Sanandaj municipality in 2003- 2011. This city with 35 square kilometers area and 373,987 inhabitants is located in central section of Sanandaj in Kordestan Province, Iran. Sanandaj city is divided into 3 regions, 21 areas and 88 neighborhoods. Spatial-physical characteristics of these areas and neighborhoods together are quite different. In general, texture of Region 1 is older and marginalized, that of Region 2 is old, and Region 3 is modern. Thematic studies have been conducted on the prevalence of informal settlements outside the country, particularly developing countries. Not much research has been conducted about the building rent. This research method is based on field work along with documentation. The research hypotheses are analyzed using descriptive statistics including regression coefficient. This study has investigated relationship between 24 indicators of building violations as the dependent variable and the price of land and housing as independent variable and the municipality. This study suggests that out of 8072 issued building licenses in the study period (1973-2011) in Sanandaj, 2886 licenses (35.75%), about 204294 square meters in area, are associated with 6291 building violations. This shows that buildings were constructed without following building codes. There are great differences between the land prices in different regions of the city. This difference is sent in land and housing prices in the three regions of Sanandaj. This shows that there is a positive relationship between the demand for construction and violations of municipality building rules. Therefore, construction activities in the area have a space appropriate to the price of land and housing. It further indicates that land rent and housing value and the trend in the issuance of housing permits and sales pertaining to creation of extra footages and stories and subsequent earning income by municipality have a determinant role in these building violations in the study area. Majority of the issued permits and licenses (98.22%), sales of extra footages and stories occurred in region 3 in Sanandaj is associated with land rent and higher land prices. This, in turn, resulted in more earned income for municipality. The spatial distribution of the quantity and area of building violations at an average price of land and housing is in full compliance. In other words, the number of building violations is observed in the areas where the price of land and housing is higher. Also, due to land supply constraints, on mountainous terrain with obstacles to physical development, housing found mass construction with vertical housing. There are significant positive relationships between construction in the three regions of Sanandaj from 2003 to 2011, and most indicators of price of land and housing performance.
