تحليل آثار اقتصادي-اجتماعي روستاهاي ادغام‌شده بر روي شهرها (مطالعۀ موردي: روستاي قجلو در شهر مياندوآب)

Social and Economic Effects of the Villages Fringed into Urban Areas on the Cities (Case Study: Ghajloo Village in Miandoab, Iran)

پيشرفت اجتماعي و اقتصادي در نواحي شهري بر مشاغل، بازارها، معيشت و محيط‌زيست روستاها، به‌ويژه روستاهاي پيرامون تأثيرات مثبت يا منفي مي­گذارد. براين‌اساس، پراكنده‌رويي شهري و ادغام روستاها در محدودۀ شهرها، پيامدهاي مختلفي در ابعاد كالبدي، اجتماعي، اقتصادي و فرهنگي براي شهرها دارد. هدف پژوهش كاربردي و توصيفي-تحليلي حاضر، بررسي آثار اقتصادي-اجتماعي روستاهاي ادغام‌شده در شهر و عوامل مؤثر در پراكنده‌رويي شهر مياندوآب است. جمع‌آوري اطلاعات با كمك منابع اسنادي و ميداني (مصاحبه، مشاهده و پرسشنامه) صورت گرفت. قلمرو مكاني پژوهش، روستاي ادغام‌شدۀ قجلو در شهر مياندوآب است كه براساس سرشماري سال 1390 مركز آمار ايران جمعيت آن 3834 نفر است و 884 خانوار دارد. جامعۀ آماري شامل 30 نفر از اساتيد دانشگاه و كارمند ارگان‌هاي دولتي گوناگون و 187 سرپرست خانوار از روستاي قجلو براساس فرمول كوكران است. به كمك روش كمي (تحليل‌عاملي اكتشافي و رگرسيون چندمتغيره) و روش كيفي (فنون مشاركتي و نمودار اثر) داده‌ها و اطلاعات تجزيه و تحليل شدند. مطابق يافته‌ها، مهم‌ترين آثار ادغام روستاي قجلو در شهر مياندوآب، افزايش ميزان اشتغال در زمينه‌هاي خدماتي و صنعتي، و تغيير شيوۀ زندگي مردم از روستانشيني به شهرنشيني است. همچنين عوامل اقتصادي-اجتماعي و خدماتي-سرمايه‌گذاري بيشترين تأثير، و عوامل سياسي كمترين نقش را در پراكنده‌رويي شهر مياندوآب دارد.

Introduction Social and economic development in urban areas can have positive or negative effects on professions, markets, livestock, and environment of the surrounding rural areas. Accordingly, disasters and deterioration in the urban areas can threaten the surrounding dependent rural areas. Urban sprawl and integration of the cities into the adjacent rural areas have influences on urban areas in terms of physical, social, economic, and cultural aspects. The mutual relationships between the urban-rural systems make them dependent to each other. The purpose of this research is to investigate the socio-economic impacts of the villages mingled into cities and also to examine the factors of urban sprawl of the Miandoab City. Material and methods This is an applied research in goal. It is a descriptive analytical study in methodology. We have used library and field surveys (interview, observation, and questionnaire) to gather needed data. The study area is the fringe of Ghajloo village into Miandoab City. According to statistical census conducted in 2011 by Iran Statistical Organization, the population of the village is about 3834 people in 884 families. The statistical sample of this study is 30 people of university professors and practitioners in governmental organizations as well as 187 heads of the families in the village of Ghajloo. The statistical sample has been determined by Cochran formula. To analyze the data, we have employed quanititative methods including exploratory factor analysis and multi-variate regression analysis as well as qualitative methods including participatory techniques and effect chart. The methods have helped us examine the hypotheses of the research. Results and discussion The results of the research have indicated that the most important effects of the fringe of the Ghajloo Village into the city of Miandoab is an increase in employment in service and industrial sectors of economy. Another important influence is a change in lifestyle of the people from a rural life into a urban life style and urbanism. (Table 1 and 2) Table 1. coefficients of social and economic indices Adjusted R 0.143 0.176 0.419 1 0.438 0.459 0.677 2 0.243 0.271 0.521 3 0.314 0.34 0.583 4 0.268 0.296 0.544 5 0.324 0.35 0.591 6 0.235 0.263 0.513 7 0.253 0.281 0.531 8 Table 2. the effects of the urban fringe of the Ghajloo Village into the city of Miandoab Non-standardStandardIndices entered the model خطاي استاندار 0 9.82 1.5 0.153 - Intercept 0 5.77 0.09 0.016 0.293 Income 0 8.99 0.2 0.022 0.482 Employment 0.469 0.725 0.01 0.014 0.039 Land price change 0.073 1.8 0.059 0.033 0.102 Exploitation of production resources 0 -3.67 0.098 0.027 -0.201 Change in consumption pattern 0 8.003 0.249 0.031 0.452 Change in lifestyle 0.009 2.63 0.067 0.025 0.165 Attitude change in migration 0.127 -1.53 0.038 0.025 -0.083 Social cohesion 0 sig 36.83 F statistic Conclusion According to the results, it can be concluded that the most important factors in urban sprawl of Miandoab were social-economic forces and that the political factors had the least impacts on development and sprawlpattern.