ارزيابي مؤلفه‌هاي مبنايي آمادگي ذهني-نگرشي خانوارهاي شهر كرمان در برابر سوانح طبيعي (زلزله)

Assessment of the Elementary Components of Mental Preparedness of the Families of Kerman City against Natural Disasters

سوانح طبيعي هرساله به بروز خسارات متعدد جاني و مالي مي ­انجامد. آمادگي خانوارها پيش از وقوع زلزله، يكي از ضروري‌ترين اقداماتي است كه به‌عنوان روشي كارآمد و كم‌هزينه، خسارات ناشي از زلزله را كاهش مي­دهد. دليل اين امر، موقعيت ايران و قرارگيري برخي شهرها در نقاط آسيب‌پذير است كه توجه به ابعاد مختلف مكاني–فضايي، اين آسيب­پذيري را كاهش مي­دهد. مطالعۀ توصيفي و هم‌بستگي حاضر، با هدف بررسي ميزان آمادگي ذهني–نگرشي خانوارهاي شهر كرمان انجام شده است. داده‌ها با مطالعات كتابخانه‌اي و بررسي‌هاي ميداني و به­ كمك ابزار پرسشنامه به­دست آمد. جامعۀ آماري شامل 141،867 خانوار ساكن شهر كرمان است. حجم نمونه براساس فرمول كوكران و به­روش نمونه‌گيري خوشه‌اي 350 خانوار است. پس از گردآوري داده‌ها، با استفاده از آزمون آماري تحليل واريانس يك‌طرفه، تفاوت ميان مناطق در برخورداري از آمادگي ذهني–نگرشي مشخص شد. هم‌بستگي ميان دو متغير آمادگي ذهني-نگرشي و پايگاه اقتصادي–اجتماعي نيز با استفاده از ضريب هم‌بستگي پيرسون به­دست آمد. براساس نتايج، ميزان آمادگي ذهني-نگرشي خانوارهاي ساكن در چهار منطقۀ شهر با هم تفاوت دارد. همچنين ميزان آمادگي كم است؛ به‌طوري‌كه ميانگين آمادگي كل خانوارهاي نمونه، 54/55 در مقياس 25 تا 102 است كه بيشترين و كمترين آن به‌ترتيب متعلق به خانوارهاي منطقۀ 1 با 60/88 درصد و منطقۀ 4 با 43/78 درصد است. از سوي ديگر، ميزان آمادگي ذهني-نگرشي خانوارها با پايگاه اقتصادي-اجتماعي هم‌بستگي دارد؛ يعني هرچه وضعيت اقتصادي-اجتماعي خانوارها بهبود يابد، آمادگي ذهني-نگرشي آن‌ها بيشتر مي­شود.

Introduction Natural disaster cause enormous financial losses and life casualties annually. Given the special location of Iran and some of the cities in vulnerable areas in one hand and spatial importance of these issues for reduction of vulnerability and resilience against the earthquakes on the other hand, it seems necessary to prepare, in advance, families with the effects and earthquake situations. This preparedness can be a competent and non-expensive method to reduce the losses of the earthquakes. For now, in the study area the best strategy can be a good decision to make the societies resilient against the earthquake events. The purpose of this research is to investigate the mental and attitudinal preparedness of the families in Kerman City as the study area. Methodology To achieve the goal of this study, we have used a descriptive research method using correlation. The data have been gathered by library studies and field surveys by the help of questionnaire. The statistical population of this study is 141867 families dwelling in city of Kerman. The sample size is determined 350 families based on Cochran formula. We have also used cluster sampling appropriate to sample volume. Finally, after we have collected the data by the questionnaires, differences among the districts prepared mentally for the events have been tested using One Way Analysis of Variance. We have also tested the correlation between the mental preparedness variables and socio-economic classes using Pearson correlation coefficient. Results and discussion The results of this research have indicated that the values of mental attitude preparedness of the resident families are significantly different in four districts of the city. Overall, the families are not properly prepared mentally for the events in entire the city. The total average of the preparing variable of the sample families is low and equal to 54.55 in a 25-100 scale of scoring. The lowest and highest values of preparedness of the families are recorded in district one (60.88%) and district 4 (43.78%), respectively. Conclusion The results have indicated that there are significant differences among the families of the four districts in variable of preparedness against earthquake and their resilience. It can also be argued that the mental preparedness of the families is significantly correlated with their social-economic bases. Therefore, it can be argued that as the social-economic bases of the families are improved, they would be better prepared to face the disasters. In other words, in order to prepare the citizens mentally for the natural disasters, it is necessary to improve and enhance their social and economic situations.