كليدواژه :
خانه هاي سنتي , معماري , حقوق , اخلاق
چكيده فارسي :
طرح معماري خانههاي سنتي ايران از عوامل مختلفي چون مذهب، فرهنگ، ويژگيهاي جغرافيايي، اجتماعي تأثير پذيرفته است. در اين ميان توجه به ارزشها و اصول اخلاقي و حقوقي برگرفته از احكام دين اسلام باعث كاركردهاي معنوي و آرامشبخش مسكن سنتي شده است.
هدف پژوهش بررسي نمود انديشههاي اخلاقي-حقوقي در ساختار فضايي خانههاي سنتي ميباشد. از اينرو سوال تحقيق اين است كه، در ساختار فضايي خانه هاي سنتي ايران اصول و مؤلفههاي اخلاقي حقوقي و پايبندي به آن به چه صورتي نمود يافته است؟ روش تحقيق از نوع توصيفي تحليلي و مبتني بر مطالعات كتابخانهاي و پژوهشهاي ميداني ميباشد. لذا ابتدا مؤلفههاي حقوقي و اخلاق اسلامي از آيات و روايات اسلامي و كتب اخلاق انديشمندان اسلامي استخراج شده و پس از انتخاب نمونه مورد مطالعه و جمعآوري دادهها، با روش تحليلي، مهمترين مؤلفههاي اخلاقي حقوقي مؤثر در ساختار فضايي خانههاي سنتي ايران مورد بحث و تفسير قرار گرفته است. نتايج حاصل از اين تحقيق نشان ميدهد ارزشها و اصول اخلاقي حقوقي برگرفته از قرآن و پيامبر اكرم(ص) كه مفسر عالي مفاهيم موجود در قرآن است، بر همه جوانب زندگي معماران سنتي سايه افكنده است. رعايت ارزشهاي اخلاقي توسط معمار در طرح معماري خانههاي سنتي قابل مشاهده و ادراك است. معمار سنتي با تكيه بر ارزشهاي اخلاقي حقوقي از قبيل زيبايي، عدالت، تكريم مهمان، رعايت حريمها، عدم اسراف، عبرت و پندپذيري و غيره خانه سنتي را به گونهاي طراحي كرده است كه هدف نهايي از ساخت خانه يعني آرامش و كرامت انسان در فضاي خانه حاصل شود.
چكيده لاتين :
The religion of Islam contains many ethical values and principles. These principles have been developed in order to adapt to the life of Muslims and Islam goals. With a view to the evolution of traditional architecture one can see that after accepting Islam, people have attempted to adapt their moralities in life. This is also evident in the works left behind in the area of architecture, such that in addition to involving cultural, social, and historical backgrounds, the founded buildings are the manifestation of ethical virtues and have brought along comfort to the soul and spirit of traditional man by applying some tricks. Architectural design of Iranian traditional houses has been affected by multiple factors such as culture, geographical & social features , etc. From long ago ethics as a socio-cultural factor has had a significant impact on spatial structure of traditional houses. The present study aims at investigating the manifestation of ethical ideas in spatial structure of traditional houses. Accordingly, the research question is as follows: How are moral principles and components as well as adherence to them manifested in spatial structure of traditional houses? The method used herein is descriptive – analytical based on library and field studies. Thus, first of all, the components of Islamic ethics were extracted from Islamic verses and narratives and ethics books of Islamic scholars; second of all, the study sample was selected and data collection was performed; then by using Factor Analysis, the most important ethical components affecting spatial structure of historical houses (with focus on Tabriz historical houses) were discussed and interpreted. The results of the present study indicate that ethical values and principles derived from the Qur'anic Verses and the Holy Prophet of Islam (peace be upon him) – who is the great commentator of the concepts in the Quran – pervades all aspects of life of traditional architectures. Architectures` compliance with ethical values is openly visible and perceptible in architectural design of historical houses. Islamic teachings organize a man`s behavior in relation to God, other men, and nature and it`s components. Examples of such teachings are evident in paying attention to the Quran and truth seeking as God`s rights over the people, dignity, and reverence; respect for the rights of others as people`s rights; and not polluting and do savings in relation to man and nature. Relying on such ethical values, traditional architectures have raised architectural space of traditional houses to a high degree of richness and value. Relying on such moral values as beauty, justice, honoring the guest, respect for privacy, extravagance, edification, and exhortation, etc, the traditional architect has designed the traditional house in a way that the ultimate goal of building a house, that is human peace and dignity in house space, is reached.
